Quantitative modeling of scratch behavior of amorphous polymers at elevated temperatures

Du, Shuoran; Mullins, Michael J.; Hamdi, Marouen; Sue, H.‐J.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122504

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It has been found in the previous study that tensile and compressive properties are closely related to the scratch behavior of polymers 35–37 . The true stress–strain curves of the model systems are shown in Figure 5 and their corresponding tensile properties are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…It has been found in the previous study that tensile and compressive properties are closely related to the scratch behavior of polymers. [35][36][37] The true stress-strain curves of the model systems are shown in Figure 5 and their corresponding tensile properties are summarized in Table 3. When compared against the neat PP, all the LCBPP systems exhibit a higher tensile strength and higher elongation at break, while the Young's modulus remains the same.…”

Section: Uniaxial Tensile True Stress-strain Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of long‐chain branching molar fraction on scratch behavior of polypropylene

Tsai

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymers containing a certain amount of long‐chain‐branching (LCB) structure are expected to possess improved mechanical properties over those of the linear structure counterpart. However, fundamental knowledge on the structure–property relationship in LCB containing polypropylene (PP) is still illusive. In the present study, a set of model PP systems containing an increasing molar fraction of LCB (5–19 mol%) were prepared by reactive extrusion to determine how LCB content may influence the scratch behavior of PP. It is shown that with only 5 mol% of LCB content in PP can improve resistance against scratch‐induced fish‐scale formation by over 25%. The improvement of scratch resistance is attributed to the increases in entanglement density in LCB‐containing PPs, which is evidenced by their creep‐recovery behavior. The present study demonstrates that the incorporation of LCB in PP leads to higher viscoelastic recovery and increased tensile strength, which account for the observed improvement in scratch performance. The usefulness of LCB in polymers for improving scratch performance is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Uniaxial Tensile True Stress-strain Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of long‐chain branching molar fraction on scratch behavior of polypropylene

Tsai

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature with ASTM D638-98 using an MTS servo hydraulic test machine at a crosshead speed of 5.08 mm/min. − The sample was cut into a dumbbell shape with a narrow section = 5 mm and a gauge length = 4 mm, followed by polishing with FEPA standard 800 grit sandpaper to remove any surface defects. True strain was measured using a calibrated MTS extensometer (model 632.11B-20).…”

Section: Experiments Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Behavior of Polybenzoxazine Toughened by Polyrotaxane Molecules and Core–Shell Rubber

Zhu

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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The inherent brittleness of polybenzoxazines (PBas) makes them difficult for high-performance microelectronics and composite applications. Conventional toughening approaches are either ineffective or cause a reduction in the glass transition temperature (T g ) of PBa. Polyrotaxane (PR), a mechanically interlocked supramolecular polymer, is an effective toughening agent to improve the tensile strength and fracture toughness of various polymers due to its unique topological structure. In this study, the effect of the molecular weight and functional groups of PRs on the morphology and mechanical properties of PR-modified PBa was investigated. PBa toughened by well-dispersed epoxide-functionalized PR (EPR) and benzoxazine-functionalized core−shell rubber (BCSR) was found to greatly enhance fracture toughness without compromising Young's modulus or T g . The fracture toughness is significantly improved from 0.82 MPa m 1/2 for neat PBa to 1.49 MPa m 1/2 for PBa/EPR/BCSR. The synergistic toughening effect is explained by the molecularly dispersed EPR in the PBa network, which results in higher network chain mobility, which promotes more cavitation of BCSR and triggers larger matrix plastic deformation. It is believed that the knowledge gained from the present study can help develop tougher polymers for vast engineering applications, especially in electronics, automotive, and aerospace applications.

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“…The commercial finite element package ABAQUS 2017® [ 26 ] was utilized in this study to conduct the FEM modeling of the scratch process on a bi‐layer coating on a steel substrate. [ 27 ] The dimensions and boundary conditions of the 3D model are presented in Figure 2A. Figure 2B illustrates the geometry of the multilayer system in detail including the top and base layer epoxy coatings, and the steel substrate.…”

Section: Fem Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental observation and finite element method modeling on scratch‐induced delamination of multilayer polymeric structures

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Scratches that result in delamination are common in multilayer polymeric laminates and coatings. In this study, the adhesive failure among a set of model double‐layer epoxy coatings was experimentally investigated and numerically analyzed using the finite element method modeling based on the maximum principal stress criterion. The adhesive failure on the model epoxy coatings was generated using an ASTM‐standard linearly increasing normal load scratch test. The parametric study reveals that delamination may initiate at locations underneath both scratch shoulder and behind scratch tip during scratching. It is also found that the magnitude and direction of peak tensile maximum principal stress developed at the interface are affected by both the laminate thickness and the material parameters of each layer. The parametric analysis shows that the onset of delamination can be delayed by possessing a softer base layer, a top or base layer with a higher yield stress, a base layer with a lower strain‐hardening slope, and a lower surface coefficient of friction. The Mode I delamination at the interface will become dominant in a multilayer system when the base layer has a higher modulus and a lower strain hardening slope. The usefulness of the present study for determining the delamination resistance of multilayer polymeric laminates and coatings is discussed.

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Quantitative modeling of scratch behavior of amorphous polymers at elevated temperatures

Cited by 55 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of long‐chain branching molar fraction on scratch behavior of polypropylene

Effect of long‐chain branching molar fraction on scratch behavior of polypropylene

Fracture Behavior of Polybenzoxazine Toughened by Polyrotaxane Molecules and Core–Shell Rubber

Experimental observation and finite element method modeling on scratch‐induced delamination of multilayer polymeric structures

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