Quantitative In Situ Studies of Dynamic Fracture in Brittle Solids Using Dynamic X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging

Leong, Andrew; Robinson, Andrew; Fezzaa, Kamel; Sun, Tao; Sinclair, Nicholas; Casem, Daniel; Lambert, Paul; Hustedt, Caleb; Daphalapurkar, Nitin; Ramesh, K.T.; Hufnagel, T. C.

doi:10.1007/s11340-018-0414-3

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Microcracking has also been extensively observed in indentation experiments on quartz (Brace, 1963;Ferguson et al, 1987). The initiation, propagation and coalescence of microcracks followed by granular flow of the failed material were also clearly observed in situ by Leong et al (2018). Granular flow is thus another mechanism that should be captured by any comprehensive constitutive model for quartz that can be used in impact simulations.…”

Section: Activated Mechanisms Under Impact Loadingmentioning

confidence: 81%

“… Amorphization bands (a, b) and microcracking (c, d) in quartz under different loading conditions: (a) TEM imaging of glassy wide lamellae (dark bands) in quartz after a shock of 24 GPa along the a

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crystal direction ( c [0001] and m

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are also indicated in the figure) (Gratz et al., 1992); (b) TEM imaging of amorphous lamellae (light bands) formed by compression without medium in diamond‐cell experiments (Kingma et al., 1993); (c) Postmortem optical micro‐graph of quartz under quasistatic compression (loading axis was normal to the page) (Kimberley et al., 2010); (d) X‐ray phase contrast imaging of quartz in Kolsky bar experiments (the specimen was horizontally compressed) (Leong et al., 2018). …”

Section: Activated Mechanisms Under Impact Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mechanism‐Based Model for the Impact Response of Quartz

2021

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As the second most abundant rock-forming mineral in the continental crust, quartz has been considerably studied by the geophysics and mechanics communities (for instance, deformation features in quartz have long been recognized as the most reliable indicators of major shock events on Earth [French & Koeberl, 2010; Grieve et al., 1996; Stöffler, 1972; Stöffler & Langenhorst, 1994]). Understanding of the mechanical response of quartz to extreme conditions is essential to understanding planetary impacts, underground explosions and other geological and seismic events. A great deal is known about the mechanical behavior of quartz, but comprehensive constitutive models that can describe the material behavior under a variety of loading conditions are lacking. In particular, comprehensive modeling of impact events requires sophisticated constitutive models which can describe the response of quartz under dynamic loading conditions and for arbitrary loading paths. Note that the spatial distributions and evolution of stress states (i.e., the loading path) are always complex within natural impact events. Under large confinements or high loading rates, many different deformation mechanisms (e.g., dislocations, twinning, phase transformation, and amorphization) may be activated in geomaterials, as can failure mechanisms such as fracture. Most constitutive models for minerals are phenomenological rather than physics-based (or mechanism-based). Phenomenological models are generally computationally efficient and have their parameters calibrated through impact experiments. As an example, several models for the equation of state (EOS) of quartz have been developed by Swegle (1990); Boettger (1992); and Luo et al. (2003), generally focused on phase transitions and incorporating simple elastic-plastic strength models. Similarly, various models implemented in commercial softwares can be applied to geomaterials once the full set of model parameters is calibrated (

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Section: Activated Mechanisms Under Impact Loadingmentioning

confidence: 81%

false[11 \overset{2}{true} 0 false]

crystal direction ( c [0001] and m

false{10 \overset{1}{true} 0 false}

Section: Activated Mechanisms Under Impact Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanism‐Based Model for the Impact Response of Quartz

2021

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“…It is well known that fracture kinetics in glasses is strain rate sensitive and that reducing temperature ensures that materials showing any degree of inelasticity behave in a more brittle manner 21,25 . In parallel work to this, crack propagation at intermediate strain rates has been observed using radiography at the APS synchrotron 37 . Here Kolsky bar loading, and an adapted three-point bend test, were used to drive cracks into silicates and boron carbide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In previous work it has been possible to measure stress and wave speeds for these evolving, failed states using optical imaging 34,35 . To observe the morphology of fracture in glasses and ceramics, one typically needs ex-situ X-ray tomography [36][37][38][39] and optical and electron microscopy 31 if representative volumes of the sample material remain intact. Before the advent of single bunch radiography, it was difficult at best to track and identify the evolution of the fracture field in real time for impact driven cracks using X rays.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The triangular indenter used in this test fails the borosilicate tile and penetrates the fragmented material as discussed above. In the case of the quartz, there are localised cracks initiated from a principal flaw in the impact zone, which travel down the surface down the principal shear directions 37 . The magnetic field driving the indenter can be controlled to allow further impacts to occur, and in the case of the quartz target, the indenter tip returned after the first impact and loaded the failed region a second time (see streak image bottom right).…”

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Impact failure in two silicates revealed by ultrafast, in situ, synchrotron X-ray microscopy

Bourne¹,

Mirihanage²,

Olbinado³

et al. 2020

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to travel safely behind screens that can protect us from stones and hail, we must understand the response of glass to impact. However, without a means to observe the mechanisms that fail different silicate architectures, engineering has relied on external sensors, post-impact examination and bestguess to glaze our vehicles. We have used single and multi-bunch, X-ray imaging to differentiate distinct phases of failure in two silicates. We identified distinct micromechanisms, operating in tandem and leading to failure in borosilicate glass and Z-cut quartz. A surface zone in the amorphous glass densifies before bulk fracture occurs and then fails the block, whilst in quartz, fast cracks, driven down cleavage planes, fails the bulk. Varying the rate at which ejecta escapes by using different indenter tip geometries controls the failed target's bulk strength. this opens the way to more physically based constitutive descriptions for the glasses allowing design of safer, composite panels by controlling the impulses felt by protective screens.

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