Quantitative histo-morphometric analysis of heat-stress-related damage in the small intestines of broiler chickens

Santos, Regiane R.; Awati, A.; Hil, P.J. Roubos-van den; Tersteeg-Zijderveld, Monique H.G.; Koolmees, Peter A.; Fink‐Gremmels, Johanna

doi:10.1080/03079457.2014.988122

Cited by 87 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Heat stress could induce ischaemia in the intestinal tissue and increase toxins in the enteric canal, leading to epithelial shedding and damage. Shortened villus height, deeper crypt depth and a lower villus height:crypt depth ratio were found in heat‐stressed broilers (Santos et al., ; Song et al., ). In the present study, we observed an increase in villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio in heat‐stressed broilers supplemented with CT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler performance have been well documented (Santos et al., ). In this study, the growth performance of heat‐stressed broilers was improved by dietary CT supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intestine is not only the major site of nutrient digestion and absorption but also an important barrier against toxin invasion (Elphick & Mahida, ). Heat stress can induce intestinal oxidative stress (Gu, Hao, & Wang, ), morphological impairment (Santos et al., ) and barrier dysfunction (Song et al., ), resulting in decreased absorptive function (Ruan & Niu, ) and an increased inflammatory response (Quinteiro‐Filho et al., ). Moreover, heat stress was reported to increase the proliferation of some potentially pathogenic bacteria, which could exacerbate barrier impairment and the inflammatory response in the intestine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of chestnut tannins on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chestnut tannins (CT) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat-stressed broilers. Four hundred 28-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned into four groups, with 10 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The broilers in the normal (NOR) group were kept at 22 ± 1°C and fed the basal diet, and each of the other three groups were treated with cyclic heat (33 ± 1°C from 0800 to 1800 and 22 ± 1°C from 1800 to 0800) and fed the basal diet with 0 (HT), 1 (CT1) or 2 (CT2) g of CT/kg of diet. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Compared with the HT group, broilers in the NOR and CT2 groups had higher (p < .05) average daily gain and villus height in the jejunum and lower serum d-lactate (p < .001) and diamine oxidase (p < .01) levels. The addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet increased the total antioxidant capacity (p < .001) and superoxide dismutase activities (p < .05) and zonula occludens-1 mRNA expression level (p < .05) and decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < .01) and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (p < .001) and nuclear factor kappa B (p < .001) in the jejunal mucosa of heat-stressed broilers. The populations of Escherichia coli and Clostridium in the jejunum (p < .01) and caecum (p < .05) of broilers in the HT group were higher than those in the NOR and CT2 groups. In conclusion, the addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet seemed to be a feasible means of alleviating the negative effects of heat stress on the growth performance and intestinal function of broilers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of chestnut tannins on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Currently, a large number of studies have shown that HS could impair the structure of small intestine, reduce villus length, mucosa thickness, crypt depth, and wall thickness to different degrees (Santos et al 2015;Chen et al 2015a), induce necrosis and shedding of epithelial cells, nudity and edema of lamina propria, fracture and missing of villa, as well as other organic lesions (Quinteiro-Filho et al 2010). Moreover, HS decreases the digestion and absorption capacity of small intestine by affecting the activities of key enzymes related to intestinal functions, which has been considered as an important cause for degradation of production performance (Chen et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of heat stress on somatostatin and some related immune factors in the small intestine of Wenchang chicks

Chen¹,

Jiang²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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: Effects of heat stress on somatostatin and some related immune factors in the small intestine of Wenchang chicks. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62,[446][447][448][449][450][451][452][453][454][455] To investigate the effects of heat stress (HS) on developmental changes in immune functions of chick intestinal mucosa, one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into control check (CK) and heat-stressed (HS) groups and raised under indoor temperature. The chicks in HS group were subjected to HS at 40 ± 0.5°C from 12:00 to14:00 h every day. Intestinal mucosa samples were collected weekly during 6 weeks, and the effects of HS on somatostatin and its related immune factors were examined using immunohistochemical, physiological, and biochemical methods. The results showed that HS obviously increased the amount and integral optical density of somatostatin positive cells, somatostatin content, as well as IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in the small intestine, and these increases reached statistical significance in some intestinal segments (P < 0.05). In addition, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels fluctuated in different intestinal segments and their levels in jejunum, duodenum, and ileum in 6-week-old chicks were significantly lower in HS group than in CK group (P < 0.05). The contents of immune-related enzymes also fluctuated, but the activities of acid phosphatase, lysozyme, and glutathione reductase in duodenum and jejunum were lower in 6-week-old chicks in HS group than in CK group, some reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). Growth hormone (GH) and HSP70 contents in multiple intestinal segments in 6-week-old chicks were significantly higher in HS group than in CK group (P < 0.05). The results indicate that (1) HS could increase the expression and secretion of somatostatin and affect the normal development of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and immune-related enzymes in the small intestine, and thereby impact the chicks' intestine immune function; (2) GH and HSP70 in the small intestine were involved in self-protection mechanisms against HS-induced intestinal injury and somatostatin regulation might be one of the important components.

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“…Crypt epithelium hyperplasia found at 32°C must have been induced to reestablish villus height, and is considered a compensatory mechanism [29], since thermal stress by heat in broilers for four consecutive days causes negative alterations in duodenum and jejunum crypts, including reduction in villus height, in villus/crypt ratio, in absorption area, and increased crypt depth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of methionine supplementing on intestine, liver and uterus morphology, and on positivity and expression of calbindin-D28k and TRPV6 calcium carriers in laying quails in thermoneutral conditions and under thermal stress

Moraes

Delicato

Cruz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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23The aim of this study was to provide support for the performance, localization and expression of the 24 epithelial calcium transporter channels, calbindin-D28k (Calb) and TRPV6, and of the morphology of the 25 digestive and reproductive system of laying quails under heat stress, and with methionine 26 supplementation. Therefore, the present study characterized the positivity (immunohistochemistry) and 27 expression (real-time PCR) of calcium channels (Calb and TRPV6) in the kidneys, intestine and uterus of 28 504 laying quails that were submitted to different methionine supplementation (100, 110 and 120%) and 29 temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32ºC). The animals under thermal stress had lower villus height, villus:crypt 30 ratio, and goblet cell index in the duodenum and jejunum, fewer secondary and tertiary uterine folds, 31 smaller hepatic steatosis, and increased number of distal convoluted renal tubules (CT) positive to Calb 32 (protein), and increased positivity in proximal CTs. The deleterious effects of heat stress were minimized 33 with methionine supplementation for the following variables: duodenal crypts, number of goblet cells of 34 the jejunum, number of uterine folds, decreased Calb positivity in intestines and kidney, increased 35 positivity of Calb in the uterus and increased TRPV6 gene expression in the kidney. Calcium transporters 36 were altered due to less need for calcium absorption and reabsorption due to more calcium available with 37 the supplementation, increasing egg production and quality. Methionine supplementation further 38 increased intestinal villus absorption area and height, increased steatosis, decreased Calb positivity in the 39 intestine and kidney, increased uterine positivity and Calb expression, and increased TRPV6 expression 40 in the uterus under thermoneutrality. This is the first study that describes the gene and protein expression 41 of calcium transporters in the intestine, kidney and uterus of laying quails, and concludes that the use of 42 methionine supplementation is justifiable in order to partially reverse the deleterious effects of thermal 43 stress on the production. 44 45 46 3 47 65Methionine, classified as an essential amino acid [9], is also the first limiting factor in poultry 66 feed, and is essential for the maintenance, growth, production, and development of feathers [10]. In 67 addition to the productive responses obtained with methionine supplementation in laying hens, studies of 68 the morphological analyses of the laying digestive and reproductive system of broilers and light birds 69 indicate favorable quantitative and qualitative changes, such as an increase in egg mass by 10%. [11,12], 70 decreased laying fat [13], increased eggshell thickness [14], and increased intestinal villi [15], which 71 provide and technically justify the improvement in zootechnical indexes of these animals with methionine 72 use [15][16][17][18]. 73Evaluating the existing literature [15][16][17][18], diets supplemented with methionine at levels above 74 NRC (Nat...

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Quantitative histo-morphometric analysis of heat-stress-related damage in the small intestines of broiler chickens

Cited by 87 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of chestnut tannins on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers

Effects of chestnut tannins on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers

Effects of heat stress on somatostatin and some related immune factors in the small intestine of Wenchang chicks

Effects of methionine supplementing on intestine, liver and uterus morphology, and on positivity and expression of calbindin-D28k and TRPV6 calcium carriers in laying quails in thermoneutral conditions and under thermal stress

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