Quantitative gradient of subsidies reveals a threshold in community‐level trophic cascades

Klemmer, Amanda J.; Richardson, John S.

doi:10.1890/12-1444.1

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Trophic cascades, a potential consequence of subsidies, vary in strength and are commonly thought to be influenced by consumer body size [44], quantity of subsidy input [45], general system productivity, diversity of primary producers [46], and predator traits [47,48], as well as habitat heterogeneity [8]. In addition, physical and ecological attributes of each ecosystem (aquatic or terrestrial) can give insight into potential trophic cascades following a particular amount of allochthonous resources they receive [45].…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, physical and ecological attributes of each ecosystem (aquatic or terrestrial) can give insight into potential trophic cascades following a particular amount of allochthonous resources they receive [45]. Generally, aquatic ecosystems experience stronger trophic cascades than in terrestrial systems [49][50][51] with several reasons, including their low level and concave structure naturally attracting a greater rate of input, in comparison with mountain areas or even flat terrestrial areas [47].…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Xiang¹,

Zhang²,

Richardson³

2017

Riparian Ecology and Conservation

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Riparian zone provides a variety of resources to organisms, including availability of water and subsidies. Water availability in riparian areas influences species distribution and trophic interaction of terrestrial food webs. Cross-ecosystem subsidies as resource flux of additional energy, nutrients, and materials benefit riparian populations and communities (e.g. plants, spiders, lizards, birds and mammals). However, aquatic ecosystems and riparian zones are prone to anthropogenic disturbances, which change water availability and affect the flux dynamics of cross-system subsidies. Yet, we still lack sufficient empirical studies assessing impacts of disturbances of land use, climate change and invasive species individually and interactively on aquatic and riparian ecosystems through influencing subsidy resource availability. In filling this knowledge gap, we can make more effective efforts to protect and conserve riparian habitats and biodiversity, and maintain riparian ecosystem functioning and services.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Xiang¹,

Zhang²,

Richardson³

2017

Riparian Ecology and Conservation

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“…This has made it difficult to make quantitative predictions of the subsidy effects beyond the studies showing the effects in a binary comparison. In one exception to the aforementioned, Klemmer and Richardson () recently demonstrated that the trophic cascades in lakes only occurred at low subsidy levels of alder leaf inputs, disappearing as subsidies increased, probably through changes in the density of intermediate predators and/or the proportions of edible/inedible preys with subsidy gradients (i.e. nonlinearity of community‐level responses to the subsidies).…”

Section: Current Understanding Of Cross‐ecosystem Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource subsidy flows across freshwater–terrestrial boundaries and influence on processes linking adjacent ecosystems

2014

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Freshwaters receive more than water from their catchments, including a large amount of materials and biologically available energy, referred to as cross‐ecosystem resource subsidies. The passive flows of energy such as leaf litter and terrestrial invertebrate inputs, as well as dissolved organic carbon, are donor‐controlled, whereas other flows, such as between fish and fish‐eating birds, have more directly coupled feedbacks. There are also flows upstream or to the terrestrial environment in the form of adult aquatic insects, salmon carcasses and particulate carbon through overbank flooding, as well as directed foraging activities. Hypotheses about the effects of flux rates, timing, quality and physical structure of such resource subsidies on the responses of consumers have been experimentally tested at many trophic levels. Many freshwater and terrestrial consumers depend on these subsidies for at least part of their life cycle, and timing of inputs can affect growth. Developing more quantitative relations between the population and community responses across gradients of cross‐ecosystem resource subsidy input rates will require exploring the shape of the relations, as well as the effects of quality and timing on responses. The stage is now set to consider how resource subsidies might affect the stability of communities and processes such as the strength of trophic cascades. The high degree of connectivity between the land and water are essential to biodiversity conservation and to ensuring that critical aquatic ecosystem services are sustained. The management of riparian areas is a key to the security of these values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Manipulation of input rates of periodical cicadas to pond mesocosms demonstrated a positive response of biofilms and consumers along the input gradient (Nowlin et al 2007). Klemmer and Richardson (2013) created a gradient of leaf litter abundance in cages in a lake with or without trout present and demonstrated a positive and generally asymptotic response in the numbers of detritivores. Jones and Lennon (2015) created an experimental gradient in the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a series of ponds, which led to increased bacterial productivity along that concentration gradient, although overall system productivity was hump-shaped due to the light attenuation effect of colored DOC and reduced primary productivity.…”

Section: Quantitative Effects Of Experimental Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers

Richardson

Wipfli

2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Most studies of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies have demonstrated positive effects on recipient consumer populations, often with very large effect sizes. However, it is important to move beyond these initial addition-exclusion experiments to consider the quantitative consequences for populations across gradients in the rates and quality of resource inputs. In our introduction to this special issue, we describe at least four potential models that describe functional relationships between subsidy input rates and consumer responses, most of them asymptotic. Here we aim to advance our quantitative understanding of how subsidy inputs influence recipient consumers and their communities. In the papers following, fish were either the recipient consumers or the subsidy as carcasses of anadromous species. Advancing general, predictive models will enable us to further consider what other factors are potentially co-limiting (e.g., nutrients, other population interactions, physical habitat, etc.) and better integrate resource subsidies into consumer-resource, biophysical dynamics models.Résumé : La plupart des études des apports de ressources entre écosystèmes ont démontré des effets positifs sur les populations de consommateurs récepteurs, dont, bien souvent, de très grands effets sur la taille. Il importe toutefois d'aller au-delà de ces expériences initiales d'ajout-exclusion pour examiner les conséquences quantitatives sur les populations le long de gradients du taux et de la qualité des apports de ressources. Dans notre article d'introduction au présent numéro spécial, nous décrivons au moins quatre modèles potentiels qui décrivent les relations fonctionnelles entre les taux d'apports de ressources et les réactions de consommateurs, la plupart étant asymptotiques. Nous tentons ainsi d'accroître la compréhension quantitative de l'influence des apports sur les consommateurs récepteurs et les communautés dont ils font partie. Dans les articles suivants, des poissons représentent soit des consommateurs récepteurs ou des apports, sous forme de carcasses d'espèces anadromes. Le développe-ment de modèles prédictifs généraux permettra d'évaluer quels autres facteurs pourraient être colimitants (p. ex. nutriments, autres interactions de populations, habitat physique) et de mieux intégrer les apports de ressources aux modèles biophysiques de la dynamique consommateurs-ressources. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Quantitative gradient of subsidies reveals a threshold in community‐level trophic cascades

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface

Resource subsidy flows across freshwater–terrestrial boundaries and influence on processes linking adjacent ecosystems

Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers

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