Quantitative gingival crevicular fluid proteome in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the proteome of the gingival crevicular fluid comparing the relative abundance of proteins from type 2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) individuals and chronic periodontitis (CP) affected sites, subjects affected by both conditions and healthy individuals. Material and Methods Twenty individuals were equally allocated in four groups, 2DM with CP, 2DM periodontally healthy, CP without 2DM, and periodontally healthy without 2DM. The relative quantification of proteins was accessed with iTRAQ labeling and mass spectrometry. Results and Conclusion A total of 104 proteins showed significant differences in abundance in pairwise comparisons. Some presented different levels in all diseased groups as compared to control, either increasing (rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor, S100A8, S100A9, and immunoglobulins) or decreasing (actins, myristoylated alanine‐rich C‐kinase substrate, and glutathione S‐transferase). Other differences were specific for a given condition: Titin, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase levels were higher in the DP group, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide decreased in CP, and annexin decreased in DH. These differences in the proteome can provide clues for further studies that will validate the variation in their levels and their role in both diseases.

Host‐microbe interactions: Profiles in the transcriptome, the proteome, and the metabolome

“…The investigations targeted many forms of the disease, ranging from gingivitis to mild, moderate, chronic, and aggressive periodontitis . Most studies have focused on analyses of samples from saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and sulcular/gingival tissues …”

Relationship between Blood and Standard Biochemistry Levels with Periodontitis in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Data from the NHANES 2011–2012

“…Vitamin D also influences the immune response through the regulation of cathelicidin [59]. Interestingly, cathelicidin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by neutrophils and has been shown that dysregulated neutrophils in periodontitis lead to a low secretion of cathelicidin [60], though this should be further investigated. Therefore, Vitamin D levels may be an interesting clinical surrogate to consider in this link of periodontitis with PD, though it demands more studies to allow strong conclusions.…”

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidome Profiling in Healthy and in Periodontal Diseases

“…More than five decades of scientific literature have definitively demonstrated that different sampling methodologies, different sampling times and different processing protocols significantly affected both the quality and the quantity of GCF samples [94]. Up to date, only a few quantitative proteomics investigations have been performed with the aim to differentiate GCF protein profiles in periodontal health and disease [14,30,33,[38][39][40]44]. In MALDI-TOF MS, but also in other MS platforms, the ionization is influenced not only by the analyte concentration, but also by its primary structure (in fact, the presence of one or more basic residues in a peptide/protein promotes the ionization).…”

“…Even with such limited studies, the knowledge of the biological mechanisms that can be gained from peptidomics applied both to the identification of markers of disease and to the development of therapies which has encouraged the use of in the context of progress made in this field [ 6 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In the last decade, the impact of proteomics to the understanding of human GCF composition has progressively increased, underlining the potential diagnostic role of this fluid as invaluable source of periodontal disease-specific markers [ 6 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”