Quantitative genetic methods depending on the nature of the phenotypic trait

Villemereuil, Pierre de

doi:10.1111/nyas.13571

Cited by 64 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Instead, a novel approach for future herbicide resistance fitness studies would be to draw on evolutionary quantitative genetic analyses developed within other ecological and resistance disciplines (Juenger and Bergelson, 2000; Agrawal et al, 2002; Klerks et al, 2011). These methods directly measure the underlying genetic correlations between resistance and fitness traits and can be directly examined from pedigreed lines representing a broad range of independently evolved R and S genotypes, even when the underlying genetic basis of resistance is unknown (Wilson et al, 2010; de Villemereuil, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

et al. 2019

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The evolution of resistance to herbicides is a classic example of rapid contemporary adaptation in the face of a novel environmental stress. Evolutionary theory predicts that selection for resistance will be accompanied by fitness trade-offs in environments where the stress is absent. Alopecurus myosuroides , an autumn-germinating grass weed of cereal crops in North-West Europe, has evolved resistance to seven herbicide modes-of-action, making this an ideal species to examine the presence and magnitudes of such fitness costs. Here, we use two contrasting A. myosuroides phenotypes derived from a common genetic background, one with enhanced metabolism resistance to a commercial formulation of the sulfonylurea (ALS) actives mesosulfuron and iodosulfuron, and the other with susceptibility to these actives (S). Comparisons of plant establishment, growth, and reproductive potential were made under conditions of intraspecific competition, interspecific competition with wheat, and over a gradient of nitrogen deprivation. Herbicide dose response assays confirmed that the two lines had contrasting resistance phenotypes, with a 20-fold difference in resistance between them. Pleiotropic effects of resistance were observed during plant development, with R plants having a greater intraspecific competitive effect and longer tiller lengths than S plants during vegetative growth, but with S plants allocating proportionally more biomass to reproductive tissues during flowering. Direct evidence of a reproductive cost of resistance was evident in the nitrogen deprivation experiment with R plants producing 27% fewer seed heads per plant, and a corresponding 23% reduction in total seed head length. However, these direct effects of resistance on fecundity were not consistent across experiments. Our results demonstrate that a resistance phenotype based on enhanced herbicide metabolism has pleiotropic impacts on plant growth, development and resource partitioning but does not support the hypothesis that resistance is associated with a consistent reproductive fitness cost in this species. Given the continued difficulties associated with unequivocally detecting costs of herbicide resistance, we advocate future studies that adopt classical evolutionary quantitative genetics approaches to determine genetic correlations between resistance and fitness-related plant life history traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

et al. 2019

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“…Non‐Gaussian traits are inherently nonadditive on the scale on which they are expressed. In GLMMs, a link function is used to model traits on a latent scale that has a Gaussian distribution and where effects are expected to be additive (de Villemereuil, 2018; de Villemereuil, Schielzeth, Nakagawa, & Morrissey, 2016). This latent scale is statistically convenient and is the scale on which heritabilities for binomial and count data are commonly reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to gapeworm parasite has both additive and dominant genetic components in house sparrows, with evolutionary consequences for ability to respond to parasite challenge

et al. 2020

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“…All analyses were conducted using ASReml‐R version 4.1.0.106 (VSN International, Hemel Hempstead) within the R framework (version 3.6.1) (R Core Team 2019) and were based on restricted maximum likelihood estimation. While clutch size is discontinuous, we do not consider it to be determined by a, for example, Poisson process, and it is thus modeled here assuming a Gaussian process (de Villemereuil 2018), as is laydate. Total narrow‐sense heritability was estimated as the ratio of the total additive genetic variance relative to the within‐year phenotypic variance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

It takes two: Heritable male effects on reproductive timing but not clutch size in a wild bird population*

2020

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Within-population variation in the traits underpinning reproductive output has long been of central interest to biologists. Since they are strongly linked to lifetime reproductive success, these traits are expected to be subject to strong selection and, if heritable, to evolve. Despite the formation of durable pair bonds in many animal taxa, reproductive traits are often regarded as femalespecific, and estimates of quantitative genetic variation seldom consider a potential role for heritable male effects. Yet reliable estimates of such social genetic effects are important since they influence the amount of heritable variation available to selection. Based on a 52-year study of a nestbox-breeding great tit (Parus major) population, we apply "extended" bivariate animal models in which the heritable effects of both sexes are modeled to assess the extent to which males contribute to heritable variation in seasonal reproductive timing (egg laying date) and clutch size, while accommodating the covariance between the two traits. Our analyses show that reproductive timing is a jointly expressed trait in this species, with (positively covarying) heritable variation for laydate being expressed in both members of a breeding pair, such that the total heritable variance is 50% larger than estimated by traditional models. This result was robust to explicit consideration of a potential male-biased environmental confound arising through sexually dimorphic dispersal. In contrast to laydate, males' contribution to heritable variation in clutch size was limited. Our study thus highlights the contrasting extent of social determination for two major components of annual reproductive success, and emphasizes the need to consider the social context of what are often considered individual-level traits.

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Quantitative genetic methods depending on the nature of the phenotypic trait

Cited by 64 publications

References 83 publications

Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

Alterations in Life-History Associated With Non-target-site Herbicide Resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

Resistance to gapeworm parasite has both additive and dominant genetic components in house sparrows, with evolutionary consequences for ability to respond to parasite challenge

It takes two: Heritable male effects on reproductive timing but not clutch size in a wild bird population*

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