Quantitative fluoride imaging of teeth using CaF emission by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract

In this work, we propose the use of molecular emission of calcium fluoride (CaF) by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to obtain quantitative fluoride distribution images of teeth.

Fluorine mapping via LA-ICP-MS/MS: a proof of concept for biological and geological specimens

“…The highest F levels were detected on outside areas; however, also within the tooth a F line was distinguishable. This is in accordance with a study by Martinez et al , 3 who employed LIBS to image the F distribution in the teeth of children. They found different pre- and postnatal F levels and found higher levels close to the neonatal line.…”

“…This is underpinned by the fact that not only the speciation and levels of F stipulate the ecological and biochemical impact, but also its location in highly compartmentalised systems. So far, imaging techniques such as SEM-EDX, AES, LIBS or ToF-SIMS 3,10 have been capable to target F by exploiting highly energetic sources for the excitation and/or ionisation of F. Unfortunately, these methods are impracticable to analyse larger specimens, lack selectivity or sensitivity or require cumbersome sample pre-treatments and conditions of analysis.…”

“…1 However, due to industrial use as well as application in pharmaceuticals, increasing amounts of fluorinated organic molecules can be found in the global environment. While F − can be relevant for dental health, 2,3 a plethora of organic F-species, such as poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), 4 are causing increasing concerns and some have been categorised as carcinogens. 5 Due to the natural role of F − in the lithosphere and its increasing discharge due to anthropogenic sources, qualitative and quantitative analytical methods are in high demand and should ideally be capable of detecting F in both the aqueous and terrestrial environments and distinguishing between different chemical species.…”

The influences of ambient humidity on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…1,2 It has the advantages of simple sample preparation, fast analysis, simultaneous multi-element analysis, and the capability for remote analysis. The LIBS has been successfully applied in various elds, such as industrial analysis, 3,4 agriculture, 5,6 medical treatment, 7 cultural heritage, and archaeology. 8 In most practical applications, the long-term repeatability of LIBS is critical.…”