Quantitative evaluation of the densities of active species of N2 in the afterglow of Ar-embedded N2 RF plasma

Ricard, A.; Oh, Sungho; Jang, Junghee; Kim, Yu Kwon

doi:10.1016/j.cap.2015.08.013

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, this electronically excited state is quenched by reactions with other plasma species as explained above, thus its density is probably much lower than the O-atom density in our plasma reactor. In fact, Ricard et al [ 33 ] measured the density of the A 3 Σ + u electronic state in a similar plasma system and observed values of the order of 10 17 m −3 , which is four orders of magnitude smaller than the O-atom density in our experimental setup. The density of N atoms is therefore orders of magnitude smaller than the density of O atoms, which together with other considerations, explains the absence of an N peak in Figure 8 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

2018

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Polyethylene granules of diameter 2 mm were treated with a low-pressure weakly ionized air plasma created in a metallic chamber by a pulsed microwave discharge of pulse duration 180 μs and duty cycle 70%. Optical emission spectroscopy showed rich bands of neutral nitrogen molecules and weak O-atom transitions, but the emission from N atoms was below the detection limit. The density of O atoms in the plasma above the samples was measured with a cobalt catalytic probe and exhibited a broad peak at the pressure of 80 Pa, where it was about 2.3 × 1021 m−3. The samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Survey spectra showed oxygen on the surface, while the nitrogen concentration remained below the detection limit for all conditions. The high-resolution C1s peaks revealed formation of various functional groups rather independently from treatment parameters. The results were explained by extensive dissociation of oxygen molecules in the gaseous plasma and negligible flux of N atoms on the polymer surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

2018

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“…Images of the MWPJ at varying conditions of gas composition (5%, 15%, and 20% N 2 in Ar) and nozzle–water distance ( d = 5, 11, 22, and 44 mm) are depicted in Figure . The results show drastic changes in the visible emission of the MWPJ upon the addition of N 2 ; this is related to the change in the gas‐phase composition . Violet color can be observed close to the nozzle exit at 5% N 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Characterization of a microwave plasma jet (TIAGO) in‐contact with water: Application in degradation of methylene blue dye

Hamdan

Gagnon

Aykul

et al. 2019

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Plasma in or in‐contact with liquids is a research field that has great potential in the treatment of wastewater. Today, efforts are focused on finding a plasma source that can efficiently remove persistent pollutants from water. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of a microwave plasma jet, in TIAGO (Torche à Injection Axiale sur Guide d'Ondes) configuration, using methylene blue (MB) as a model organic contaminant. The assessments conducted herein show that MB degradation is promoted at short nozzle–water distance, high gas flow rate, elevated microwave power, and excessive initial water conductivity (up to 10,000 µS/cm). The plasma characteristics, namely composition, electron density, and OH rotational temperature, as well as water acidity and conductivity are also evaluated.

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“…However, the high temperature and the high density of ions and electrons in the plasmas may induce undesirable defects within the TiO 2 matrix that can induce a negative effect in the resulting photocatalytic performances. As an alternative damage-free strategy in the nitridation of TiO 2 , afterglows or the post-discharge regions of N 2 plasmas can be used for a selective nitridation of TiO 2 surface since the densities of ions and electrons are much lower in the afterglows than in the plasmas [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densities of Active species in N₂/H₂ RF and HF afterglows: application to surface nitriding of TiO₂ nanocrystals

Ricard

Sarrette

Wang

et al. 2017

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. N 2 /0-5% H 2 flowing afterglows from Radio Frequency (RF) and High Frequency (HF) sources have been analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy. In similar conditions (pressure 5-6 Torr, flow rate 0.5 slm and power 100 W), it is found in pure N 2 a nearly constant N-atom density from the pink to the late afterglow, which is higher in HF than in RF: (1-2) and 0.4 Â 10 15 cm À3 , respectively. With a N 2 /2% H 2 gas mixture, the early afterglows is changed to a late afterglow with about the same N-atom density for both RF and HF cases: (8-9) Â 10 14 cm À3 . Anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals and Atomic Layer Deposition-grown films were exposed to the RF afterglows at room temperature. XPS analysis of the samples has shown that the highest N/Ti ratio of 0.24 can be achieved with the pure N 2 late afterglow. In the HF pure N 2 late afterglow, however, the N/Ti coverage was limited to 0.04 in spite of higher N-atom density. Such differences in the N content between the two RF and HF cases are attributed to the presence of a high O-atom impurity of 2 Â 10 13 cm À3 in HF as compared to that (8 Â 10 11 cm À3 ) in RF.

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Quantitative evaluation of the densities of active species of N2 in the afterglow of Ar-embedded N2 RF plasma

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

Characterization of a microwave plasma jet (TIAGO) in‐contact with water: Application in degradation of methylene blue dye

Densities of Active species in N₂/H₂ RF and HF afterglows: application to surface nitriding of TiO₂ nanocrystals

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Quantitative evaluation of the densities of active species of N2 in the afterglow of Ar-embedded N2 RF plasma

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

Surface Functionalization of Polyethylene Granules by Treatment with Low-Pressure Air Plasma

Characterization of a microwave plasma jet (TIAGO) in‐contact with water: Application in degradation of methylene blue dye

Densities of Active species in N2/H2 RF and HF afterglows: application to surface nitriding of TiO2 nanocrystals

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Densities of Active species in N₂/H₂ RF and HF afterglows: application to surface nitriding of TiO₂ nanocrystals