Quantitative evaluation of the degree of parr-smolt transformation in wild smolts and hatchery juveniles of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by SDH activity of chloride cells

Chernitsky, Alexander G.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(86)90010-4

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although fish in neither of the age groups in the present study were graded into upper and lower modal groups changes associated with smolting were clearly detectable. The present results, as well as results from other landlocked Atlantic salmon populations investigated in northern Europe (Chernitsky, 1986;Staurnes et al, 1992;Schmitz, 1995), demonstrate that transformation processes associated with smolting are similar to those of their anadromous conspecifics. This indicates that ability to adapt to sea water is retained in these landlocked populations whereas in some North American populations this appears to be more questionable (Barbour & Garside, 1983;Burton & Idler, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Smolting and seasonal variation in the smolt characteristics of one‐ and two‐year‐old Saimaa landlocked salmon under fish farm conditions

Kiiskinen

Hyvärinen

Piironen³

2002

Journal of Fish Biology

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Silvering of the skin, reduced condition factor, elevated gill Na + , K + -ATPase activity and well-developed capacity to regulate the osmotic and ionic balance in sea water were observed in 1 and 2 year old hatchery-reared Saimaa landlocked salmon Salmo salar m. sebago during April-June. Loss of hypoosmoregulatory ability and gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity was observed earlier in 2 year than 1 year old fish. Coincident with changes associated with smolting both age groups showed diminished osmoregulatory capacity in fresh water. Slow growth during May-June may also be attributed to osmoregulatory difficulties in fresh water. These results support the suggestion that the developmental changes at smolting are seasonal and unrelated to any salinity changes and the idea of smolting as evidence of maladaptation of the fish to fresh water.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Smolting and seasonal variation in the smolt characteristics of one‐ and two‐year‐old Saimaa landlocked salmon under fish farm conditions

Kiiskinen

Hyvärinen

Piironen³

2002

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Koch (1983) found that the hypoosmoregulatory ability of the nonanadromous fish living in Lake Vanern in Sweden was as good as that of anadromous Atlantic salmon smolts. In the case of nonanadromous Atlantic salmon smolts from Lake Onega in Russia, Chernitsky (1986) reported a large increase in the gill activity of succinate dehydrogenase similar to that which characteristically takes place in smolting anadromous Atlantic salmon (Langdon and Thorpe 1985;Chernitsky 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Parr–smolt transformation of a nonanadromous population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway

Staurnes¹,

Lysfjord²,

Berg³

1992

Can. J. Zool.

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STAURNES, M, LYSFJORD, G., and BERG, 0 . K. 1992. Parr -smolt transformation of a nonanadromous population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway. Can. J. Zool. 70: [197][198][199]. Morphological and physiological indices of parr-smolt transformation of fish from anadromous and nonanadromous hatchery-reared populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salur) were compared. Both anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic salmon showed a complete smolt colouration and had a similar high gill Naf ,K+-ATPase activity (significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of parr), indicating both morphological and physiological aspects of parr-smolt transformation. The evolutionary stability of the parr-smolt transformation of nonanadromous Atlantic salmon is discussed. STAURNES, M, LYSFJORD, G., et BERG, 0 . K. 1992. Parr-smolt transformation of a nonanadromous population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway. Can. J. Zool. 70 : 197 -199. Les signes morphologiques et physiologiques de la transformation de tacons en saumonneaux ont Cte compares chez des Saumons atlantiques (Salmo salar) anadromes et des saumons non anadromes Clevks en pisciculture. Chez les poissons des deux types, la coloration de saummonneau Ctait complkte et l'activite de la Nat ,K + -ATPase (significativement (P < 0,05) differente de celle des tacons) dans les branchies etait semblable, ce qui indique que la transformation morphologique et la transformation physiologiques s'etaient produites chez les deux types de saumons. La stabilite evolutive de la transformation de tacon en saumonneau chez les Saumons atlantiques non anadromes fait I'objet d'une discussion.[Traduit par la redaction]

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“…kisutch: Shrimpton et al, 1994a,b;S. trutta: Dellefors, 1996), and higher gill succinate dehydrogenase activity (S. salar: Chernitsky, 1980Chernitsky, , 1986, plasma cortisol and gill corticosteroid receptor numbers (O. kisutch: Shrimpton et al, 1994b), gill chloride cell numbers (O. kisutch: Shrimpton et al, 1994a;O. masou: Mizuno, 1996) and plasma T 3 and T 4 levels (S. salar: Youngson & Simpson, 1984;Virtanen & Soivio, 1985) have also been measured in wild smolts.…”

Section: Wild Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in branchial and intestinal osmoregulatory mechanisms and growth hormone levels during smolting in hatchery‐reared and wild brown trout

Nielsen¹,

Madsen²,

Björnsson

1999

Journal of Fish Biology

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Evidence of smolting was studied in Danish hatchery‐reared brown trout Salmo trutta L. Twenty‐four hour seawater (SW) challenge tests (28‰, 10°C) at regular intervals showed that maximal hypo‐osmoregulatory ability developed within a 3–4‐week period in March and April. The improved ability to regulate plasma osmolality, muscle water content and plasma total [Mg] developed asynchronously, indicating that developmental changes in the gill, the gastrointestinal system and the kidney may not necessarily concur during smolting. Gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity peaked in April at the time of optimal hypo‐osmoregulatory ability. Na+, K+‐ATPase a ‐subunit mRNA level in gills was unchanged from January until April, but decreased in May in parallel with a decrease in the activity of the enzyme. In the middle region of the intestine, Na+, K+‐ATPase activity increased in February and remained high until April. In the posterior region of the intestine, the activity was stable from January until April after which it decreased. In vitro fluid transport capacitity, Jv, in the middle intestine fluctuated throughout the spring. In the posterior intestine, Jv was low until late March, when it increased fivefold until early May. Drinking rate in fish transferred to SW for 24 h surged during spring. Na+, K+‐ATPase activity in the pyloric caeca was elevated from March until May, and increased in response to SW transfer in June, suggesting a hypo‐osmoregulatory function of the pyloric caeca. Plasma GH levels surged in FW trout during spring, concurring with the increase in gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity and SW tolerance, but peaked in May when gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity and SW tolerance were regressing. GH levels were generally low in SW‐challenged fish, and there was no consistent effect of 24‐h SW exposure on GH levels. In wild anadromous trout, gill Na+, K+‐ATPase activity varied seasonally as in hatchery‐reared fish, but peaked at higher levels suggesting a more intense smolting in fish living in their natural environment.

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Quantitative evaluation of the degree of parr-smolt transformation in wild smolts and hatchery juveniles of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by SDH activity of chloride cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Smolting and seasonal variation in the smolt characteristics of one‐ and two‐year‐old Saimaa landlocked salmon under fish farm conditions

Smolting and seasonal variation in the smolt characteristics of one‐ and two‐year‐old Saimaa landlocked salmon under fish farm conditions

Parr–smolt transformation of a nonanadromous population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway

Changes in branchial and intestinal osmoregulatory mechanisms and growth hormone levels during smolting in hatchery‐reared and wild brown trout

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