Quantitative evaluation of experimental artefacts in impedance spectra of conducting polyaniline thin-films measured using pseudo-reference electrode

Horvat-Radošević, Višnja; Kvastek, Krešimir

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.10.019

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The artifacts have been attributed to a variety of sources and procedures have been developed to identify those sources and to minimize their impact [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] …”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Artifacts in Impedance Spectroscopy

Veal

Baldo

Paulikas

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Four-terminal measurements of impedance spectra have long been troubled by the presence of high frequency artifacts that typically indicate unphysically large inductive behavior. We follow up on the observation of Fleig et al., that voltage and current are necessarily measured in different locations of the potentiostat circuit, and that, typically, the electrometer input is a virtual ground. In this case, the capacitance of coaxial cables that connect sample electrodes to the potentiostat provides a high frequency conduction path to ground, so that some of the current that passes through the sample bypasses the electrometer. In four-electrode measurements, this mechanism produces the observed inductive artifacts. We examine a variety of simulated samples, with calculations compared to measurements of relevant circuits, to quantitatively investigate the nature of the artifacts. Model results agree with measurements when the leakage capacitances are properly included in the circuit analyses. With understanding of the origin of the inductive artifacts, the four-electrode method can be effectively utilized, enabling a combination of two-, three-and four-electrode measurements to be used to best advantage. Using this combination of electrode configurations, temperature dependent measurements of Impedance spectroscopy (IS) is used extensively for investigating ionic conducting solids, electrolytic solutions and interfaces, and for a large variety of specialized applications, including corrosion, biomedical fouling, and electrochemical kinetics, reactions, and processes. 1-3The technique is extensively used for investigating materials with electronic, ionic or mixed charges.The pioneering work of Bauerle 4 on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) demonstrated the utility of the technique for studying conducting solids. Intrinsic, grain boundary and contact resistances and capacitances were separately observed and quantified. The spectra were analyzed by viewing the sample as a material that could be represented, or simulated, with some combination of resistors and capacitors.In spite of the broad range of applications, the technique has been plagued by the presence of artifacts that limit its potential usefulness. The artifacts have been attributed to a variety of sources and procedures have been developed to identify those sources and to minimize their impact [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

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“…The artifacts have been attributed to a variety of sources and procedures have been developed to identify those sources and to minimize their impact [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] …”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Artifacts in Impedance Spectroscopy

Veal

Baldo

Paulikas

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Its impedance is Z 3 is given by Z 3 (p) = r 1 1 + pl 1 (r 1 + r 2 )/r 1 r 2 1 + p(l 1 + c 1 r 1 r 2 )/r 2 + p 2 c 1 l 1 (r 1 + r 2 )/r 2 (6) To get agreement of Eq (6) with Eq (3) the following relations have to be satisfied:…”

Section: The First Two-pole Equivalent Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Fletcher's model was used by Horvat-Radosevic and Kvastek [5][6][7] to account for artifacts in their impedances of polyaniline deposited on Pt. It was also referred to by Valoen et al [8] in the context of inductive artifacts of electrochemical impedances and by Fafilek in his analysis of instrumental aspects of EIS measurements [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Fletcher's two-terminal equivalent network of a three-terminal electrochemical cell

Sadkowski

Diard

2010

Electrochimica Acta

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“…It is well known that impedance spectra of some working electrode, WE, impedance branch, Z x , comprising impedance of WE, Z WE , and the electrolyte solution resistance, R s , measured in a three-electrode cell, are prone to appearance of experimental artefacts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Presence of experimental artefacts is usually seen as distortions of various parts of impedance spectra that cannot be accounted for by a transfer function or electrical equivalent circuit, EEC, postulated in a modelling procedure of Z x .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In highly capacitive impedance spectra of conducting polyaniline, PANI, film modified electrodes in acidic electrolyte solutions, distortions of high frequency parts were usually observed over more than two decades of the highest experimentally available frequencies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Types of distortions (almost capacitive or almost inductive impedance response), however, were found strongly dependent on a type of RE used (either conventional RE or pseudo-reference electrode, RE/PRE) [10,11,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%