Quantitative evaluation of brain volume among elderly individuals in São Paulo, Brazil: a population-based study

Rodrigues, Mariana Athaniel Silva; Rodrigues, Thiago; Zatz, Mayana; Lebrão, Maria Lúcia; Duarte, Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira; Naslavsky, Michel Satya; Nascimento, Felipe Barjud Pereira do; Amaro, Edson

doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0074

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Although the association between age and brain atrophy is indisputable, the question of how sex mediates brain atrophy is unclear, with studies suggesting that the ratio of the total brain volume to intracranial brain volume is higher either in men [ 27 ] or in women [ 25 ]. The question we aimed to answer can be expressed as follows: Is there a direct causal relationship between sex and Brain2ICV?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total intracranial volume has been used as a correction factor for head size variability when assessing total brain volume [ 24 ] and as a covariate in regression analysis to investigate the role played by sex in neuroanatomical volume differences [ 25 ]. There is contradictory evidence regarding sexual dimorphism in neuroanatomical structures [ 26 , 27 ], and the differences in the volume found could be attributed to the intracranial volume normalization method used [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Causal Analysis of the Effect of Age and Sex Differences on Brain Atrophy in the Elderly Brain

Gómez-Ramírez

Fernández-Blázquez

González-Rosa

2022

Life

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We studied how brain volume loss in old age is affected by age, the APOE gene, sex, and the level of education completed. The quantitative characterization of brain volume loss at an old age relative to a young age requires—at least in principle—two MRI scans, one performed at a young age and one at an old age. There is, however, a way to address this problem when having only one MRI scan obtained at an old age. We computed the total brain losses of elderly subjects as a ratio between the estimated brain volume and the estimated total intracranial volume. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 890 healthy subjects aged 70 to 85 years were assessed. A causal analysis of factors affecting brain atrophy was performed using probabilistic Bayesian modelling and the mathematics of causal inference. We found that both age and sex were causally related to brain atrophy, with women reaching an elderly age with a 1% larger brain volume relative to their intracranial volume than men. How the brain ages and the rationale for sex differences in brain volume losses during the adult lifespan are questions that need to be addressed with causal inference and empirical data. The graphical causal modelling presented here can be instrumental in understanding a puzzling scientific area of study—the biological aging of the brain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Causal Analysis of the Effect of Age and Sex Differences on Brain Atrophy in the Elderly Brain

Gómez-Ramírez

Fernández-Blázquez

González-Rosa

2022

Life

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“…Recent studies conducted in Brazil have highlighted the importance of imaging methods in the evaluation of diseases affecting the central nervous system (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) . Spectroscopy in the posterior cingulate gyrus is extensively studied in Alzheimer's disease, in which previous studies showed lower NAA/Cr ratio in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and controls.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior cingulate gyri metabolic alterations in HIV-positive patients with and without memory deficits

et al. 2020

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Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with and without clinically significant memory deficits and healthy control participants differ on in vivo hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the posterior cingulate gyri. Materials and Methods: In total, 21 HIV-positive patients with memory deficit (HIV+wMD) were compared with 15 HIV-positive patients without memory deficit (HIV+wOMD) and 22 sex-, age-, and education-matched control participants. Memory impairments were classified based on the participants’ performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Short echo time (30 ms), single-voxel H-MRS was performed using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner. Results: The HIV+wMD and HIV+wOMD groups had higher choline/creatine ratio in the posterior cingulate gyri than the control group. There were no significant metabolite ratio differences between the HIV+wMD and HIV+wOMD groups. Conclusion: HIV-positive patients with and without memory deficits had significantly higher choline/creatine ratios than controls in the posterior cingulate gyri, which may reflect cerebral inflammation, altered cell membrane metabolism, microgliosis, and/or astrocytosis.

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“…There are numerous etiologies associated with thalamic lesions, and it is essential to investigate the clinical and biochemical history of the patient before requesting an imaging examination. Recent studies in the radiology literature of Brazil have highlighted the importance of imaging examinations for improving the diagnosis of neurological diseases (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neuroimaging findings in thalamic lesions: what can we think?

Ribeiro

Marchiori

2021

Radiol Bras

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The diseases that affect the thalamus are heterogeneous in their etiologies, including infectious, inflammatory, vascular, toxic-metabolic, and neoplastic causes. It is often difficult to make the clinical differentiation between different entities. Within this context, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have come to be of fundamental importance for defining the etiology and planning the treatment. In this pictorial essay, we will illustrate the main causes of diseases affecting the thalamus, discussing the possible differential diagnoses, as well as the most relevant imaging aspects.

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Quantitative evaluation of brain volume among elderly individuals in São Paulo, Brazil: a population-based study

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

A Causal Analysis of the Effect of Age and Sex Differences on Brain Atrophy in the Elderly Brain

A Causal Analysis of the Effect of Age and Sex Differences on Brain Atrophy in the Elderly Brain

Posterior cingulate gyri metabolic alterations in HIV-positive patients with and without memory deficits

Evaluation of neuroimaging findings in thalamic lesions: what can we think?

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