Quantitative Estimation of Scattering Waves in Cylinder-Body Model for Body Area Networks: Comparison of Analyses With Unifrom Cylinder- And Slab-Body Models

Abstract

Abstract-This paper estimates separately the components of scattering waves generated in cylinder-body model for body area networks.For the evaluation, scattering field formulations in relation to uniform cylinder-and slab-body models are provided, and the reliability of the analyses is testified by the comparison with results computed by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Creeping waves, cylinder leaky waves, and cylinder guided waves, which are created only in cylindrical structure, are extracted quantitatively by contrasting the scattering waves that are calculated with the two body models. In addition to the extracted waves, other components of scattering waves such as reflected waves, transmitted waves, surface waves, leaky waves, and guided waves also are examined. From evaluations with various operating frequencies and thicknesses of the body model, it is confirmed that reflected waves have the most influence on electrical characteristics of a source. Moreover creeping waves and cylinder leaky waves are generally dominant at the opposite side of the cylinder when a source is located near cylinder surface. Furthermore, the existence of creeping waves with low attenuation in the vicinity of cylinder surface is demonstrated by electric field intensities calculated by varying the observation point along cylinder axis.

An Insight into Creeping Electromagnetic Waves around the Human Body

“…Wireless links where the body surface takes the role in transmission channel are generally considered to allow for deterministic modelling to some extent, which gives rise to research in Norton and creeping waves (see, e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7]). To provide an adequate canonical electromagnetic model, human body is typically modelled as cylindrical, spherical, or elliptical [6] structure representing either the torso or head, where link budget around the body is studied in various circumstances both numerically and experimentally.…”