Quantitative estimates of palaeoprecipitation at Xifeng, in the Loess Plateau of China

Liu, Xiuming; Rolph, Tim; Bloemendal, Jan; Shaw, John; Liu, Tungsheng

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(95)00053-o

Cited by 164 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, Fe d may increase more rapidly than Hm/(Hm+Gt) decreases in low-rainfall regions (Figures 6a and 6b), and the content of Hm (or Mgh) as their product can increase (Figure 6c). In this case, we can reconstruct the paleorainfall by the positive correlation between Fe d , MS, and rainfall as shown in previous studies in temperate regions with low and moderate rainfall [Kukla et al, 1988;Liu et al, 1995;Maher and Thomson, 1995;Maher, 1998]. However, with increasing rainfall, Fe d levels off compared to the decrease in Hm/(Hm+Gt) (Figures 6a and 6b), resulting in a decrease in the content of Hm or Mgh (Figure 6c).…”

Section: Model Of Magnetic Change With Climatesupporting

confidence: 63%

“…MS has been suggested as a proxy to reconstruct paleorainfall in temperate monsoon zones, especially for the eolian sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) [Kukla et al, 1988;Heller et al, 1993;Liu et al, 1995;Maher and Thomson, 1995;Maher, 1998]. However, a growing body of evidence suggests a negative correlation between ferrimagnets and rainfall in extreme climates with excessive rainfall [Begét et al, 1990;Han et al, 1996;Singer et al, 1996;Chlachula et al, 1998;Liu et al, 2001Liu et al, , 2003Balsam et al, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements

Long

Balsam

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The iron oxide content of soils and sediments controlled by weathering and pedogenesis is generally considered a reasonable indicator of climate. Previous studies in temperate zones have established a positive correlation in aerobic soils between ferrimagnets and low to moderate rainfall; the correlation seems to be reversed under extreme climates with high rainfall. Here we present a transect of saprolitic soils from Hainan Island, South China, with high rainfall (1440∼2020 mm/yr), little temperature variation (23∼24°C), and extreme weathering. Along this transect we observed that both hematite concentration and magnetic susceptibility decrease with increasing rainfall, whereas goethite concentration displays a large increase. However, there is no systematic trend in the total amount of iron oxides related to chemical weathering intensity along the transect. Goethite is the favored mineral phase of iron oxide with increasing rainfall and accumulates at the expense of hematite and maghemite through the dominance of rainfall-driven processes. These pedogenic processes coincide with the fundamentals of previous nonmonotonic models of hematite, magnetic susceptibility and rainfall control of an inflection point. This study also verifies a common genetic relationship between hematite and pedogenic ferrimagnets across a wide climate range. A conceptual model considering both rainfall and temperature is proposed to help interpret the mechanism of ferrimagnet formation and changes in the rainfall inflection point.

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Section: Model Of Magnetic Change With Climatesupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements

Long

Balsam

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Loess and associated deposits (e.g., paleosols, saline lake deposits) house enormous potential for paleoclimatic reconstruction. Analogizing again to the CLP, various attributes of loess (e.g., grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and geochemistry) have been mined to reconstruct climatic parameters that include atmospheric circulation (wind velocity and direction), seasonality, and precipitation (e.g., Zhou et al 1990;An et al 1991;Bloemendal et al 1995;Liu et al 1995;Ding et al 2002;Sun 2002;Balsam et al 2004;Vandenberghe et al 2004;Hao and Guo 2005;Chen et al 2006), at resolutions extending to millennial. Many of these same metrics are preservable and measurable in deep-time loess deposits and have enabled climate reconstructions ranging to sub-precessional scales .…”

Section: Discussion: Why Core Continental Red Beds and Evaporites?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The paleoclimatic and geochronologic utility of coring red beds and evaporites: a case study from the RKB core (Permian, Kansas, USA)

Soreghan

Benison

Foster

et al. 2014

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Drill core is critical for robust and high-resolution reconstructions of Earth’s climate record, as well demonstrated from both marine successions and modern long-lived lake systems. Deep-time climate reconstructions increasingly require core-based data, but some facies, notably red beds and evaporites, have garnered less attention for both paleoclimatic and geochronologic analyses. Here, we highlight studies from the Rebecca K. Bounds (RKB) core, a nearly continuous, >1.6 km drill core extending from the Cretaceous to the Mississippian, recovered from the US Midcontinent by Amoco Production Company in 1988, and serendipitously made available for academic research. Recent research conducted on this core illustrates the potential to recover high-resolution data for geochronologic and climatic reconstructions from both the fine-grained red bed strata, which largely represent paleo-loess deposits, and associated evaporite strata. In this case, availability of core was instrumental for (1) accessing a continuous vertical section that establishes unambiguous superposition key to both magnetostratigraphic and paleoclimatic analyses, and (2) providing pristine sample material from friable, soluble, and/or lithofacies and mineralogical species otherwise poorly preserved in surface exposures. The potential for high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstruction from coring of deep-time loess strata in particular remains severely underutilized.

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“…Apparent coupling between magnetism of loessic soils and rainfall was ¢rst observed for modern soils developed on the near-horizontal, homogenous parent substrates of the famous Loess Plateau region of north-central China (Maher et al, 1994;Liu et al, 1995). At the present day, this region experiences a strong gradient in rainfall, from values around 300 mm yr 31 in the west, to V550 mm yr 31 in the central Plateau and V700 mm yr 31 in the south.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation

Maher

Alekseev

Alekseeva

2003

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

187

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Formation of ferrimagnets in well-drained, buffered, unpolluted soils appears to be related to climate, and especially rainfall. If robust, this magnetism/rainfall couple can be used to estimate past rainfall from buried soils, particularly the multiple soils of the Quaternary loess/soil sequences of Central Asia. However, dispute exists regarding the role of climate vs. dust flux for the magnetic properties of modern loessic soils. Here, we examine the mineralogical basis of the magnetism/rainfall link for a climate transect across the loess-mantled Russian steppe, where, critically, dust accumulation is minimal at the present day. Magnetic and independent mineralogical analyses identify in situ formation of ferrimagnets in these grassland soils; increased ferrimagnetic concentrations are associated with higher annual rainfall. XRD and electron microscopy show the soil-formed ferrimagnets are ultrafinegrained ( 6 V50 nm) and pure. Ferrimagnetic contributions to Mo « ssbauer spectra range from 17% in the parent loess to 42% for a subsoil sample from the highest rainfall area. Total iron content varies little but the systematic magnetic increases are accompanied by decreased Fe 2þ content, reflecting increased silicate weathering. For this region, parent materials are loessial deposits, topography is rolling to flat and duration of soil formation effectively constant. The variations in soil magnetic properties thus predominantly reflect climate (and its co-variant, organic activity)ŝ tatistical analysis identifies strongest relationships between rainfall and magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanence. This magnetic response correlates with that of the modern soils across the Chinese Loess Plateau. Such correlation suggests that the rainfall component of the climate system, not dust flux, is a key influence on soil magnetic properties in both these regions. ß

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Quantitative estimates of palaeoprecipitation at Xifeng, in the Loess Plateau of China

Cited by 164 publications

References 27 publications

Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements

Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements

The paleoclimatic and geochronologic utility of coring red beds and evaporites: a case study from the RKB core (Permian, Kansas, USA)

Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation

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