Quantitative diagenesis: Methods for studying the evolution of the physical properties of tight carbonate reservoir rocks

Rashid, F.; Hussein, D.; Glover, Paul; Lorinczi, Piroska; Lawrence, James

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105603

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This is probably because the model assumes uniform aperture and smooth surfaces, which are not common in natural fractures, and is supported by our observations, where most fractures have moderate roughness (see Figure 10b). The absence of roughness in the permeability equation can lead to an overestimation of permeability by as much as 39% (Glover et al, 1998; Rashid et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture evaluation of the plutonic basement in the Upper Magdalena Basin: Implications for the development of naturally fractured reservoirs in the Northern Andes

Rodríguez‐Cuevas,

Cardona,

Monsalve

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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Plutonic rocks typically have negligible matrix porosity and permeability. However, fractures and mineral alterations create storage space and flow pathways that turn plutonic rocks into fluid reservoirs. Despite significant hydrocarbon discoveries, naturally fractured reservoirs in plutonic rocks have been poorly studied. In most Colombian basins, the crystalline basement has undergone multiple deformational events and is thrust over the Cretaceous to Cenozoic source and reservoir rocks of the conventional petroleum system. This structural configuration is ideal for the migration of oil into a fractured basement. A multiscale fracture analysis, including field, petrographical and petrophysical techniques was conducted on the Permian and Jurassic plutonic basement of Upper Magdalena Basin in order to understand the controls on brittle deformation, the development of fracture networks and their potential to form hydrocarbon reservoirs. The results indicate that protolith textures and structures, including magmatic and mylonitic foliation, favours fracturing. Dykes exhibit higher fracture density (7–48 fractures/m), porosity (mean = 0.4%) and permeability (mean = 125,818.75 mD) than the host rock (2–25 fractures/m; 0.23%; 12,066.09 mD). Intersection zones from regional faults, are characterized by the highest fracture and lineament intensity. Our results suggest that dyke swarms and interacting damage zones can significantly enhance the reservoir quality of plutonic rocks by providing storage in fractures and fluid pathways to the host rock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture evaluation of the plutonic basement in the Upper Magdalena Basin: Implications for the development of naturally fractured reservoirs in the Northern Andes

Rodríguez‐Cuevas,

Cardona,

Monsalve

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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“…An important factor influencing permeability heterogeneity is the presence of secondary reservoir processes. Calcitization, dolomitization, recrystallization, leaching, and fracturing are widespread in carbonate sediments of different strata [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Permeability Streak Identification and Modelling Approach for Carbonate Reef Reservoir

Shirinkin,

Kochnev,

Krivoshchekov

et al. 2024

Energies

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Reef reservoirs are characterised by a complex structure of void space, which is a combination of intergranular porosity, fractures, and vuggy voids distributed chaotically in the carbonate body in different proportions. This causes great uncertainty in the distribution of porosity and permeability properties in the reservoir volume, making field development a complex and unpredictable process associated with many risks. High densities of carbonate secondary alterations can lead to the formation of zones with abnormally high porosity and permeability—high permeability streaks or super-reservoirs. Taking into account super-reservoirs in the bulk of the deposit is necessary in the dynamic modelling of complex-structure reservoirs because it affects the redistribution of filtration flows and is crucial for reservoir management. This paper proposes a method for identifying superreservoirs by identifying enormously high values of porosity and permeability from different-scale study results, followed by the combination and construction of probabilistic curves of superreservoirs. Based on the obtained curves, three probabilistic models of the existence of a superreservoir were identified: P10, P50, and P90, which were further distributed in the volume of the reservoir and on the basis of which new permeability arrays were calculated. Permeability arrays were simulated in a dynamic model of the Alpha field. The P50 probabilistic model showed the best history matching after one iteration.

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“…Cementation factor, the m exponent in Archie's law, is a crucial parameter in the estimation of water saturation ( S w ) of reservoir rocks (Archie 1942). The value of the cement factor is strongly influenced by the pressure and temperature conditions of the reservoir, size of the pore throat, secondary porosity, electrical conductivity of water, lithology, mineralogy, specific surface area, tortuosity factor, packing index, and degree of cementation (Winsauer et al 1952;Wardlaw 1980;Ransom 1984;Salem 1993a;Elias and Steagall 1996;Abedini et al 2011;August et al 2022;Rashid et al 2022;Wan Bakar et al 2022). Therefore, it has become an area of interest to lower the uncertainties associated with cementation factor estimation by demonstrating the impact of different parameters (Winsauer et al 1952;Wyllie and Gregory 1953;Hill and Milburn 1956;Towle 1962;Helander and Campbell 1966;Waxman and Thomas 1972;Jackson et al 1978;Biella 1981;Wong et al 1984;Givens 1987;Brown 1988;Donaldson and Siddiqui 1989;Salem 1993b;Huang et al 2019;Tan et al 2020;Zheng et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical rock typing using Gaussian mixture model to determine cementation factor

Najafi-Silab

Soleymanzadeh

Kolah-kaj

et al. 2023

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Many studies have worked on the estimation of fluid saturation as an important petrophysical property in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on Archie's law, proper determination of cementation factor (m) can lead to accurate values of water saturation. Given that the m is mainly affected by electrical properties of rock, electrical quality index (EQI) can be used to estimate m through a novel rock typing technique. Despite the efficient applicability of EQI for the classification of rocks, with similar electrical behaviors, into distinct electrical rock types (ERTs), manual implementation of this method is time-consuming and gets excessively more difficult for larger datasets. In this work, a fast automated version of EQI methodology was presented. As a fuzzy clustering algorithm, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) was implemented on a large quantity of carbonate and sandstone samples to cluster them into distinct ERTs based on EQI values. To this end, 100 data points were randomly selected for testing purposes, and the remaining data points were used as training subsets for carbonate and sandstone samples. An innovative hybrid EQI-GMM approach was developed to determine the optimum number of clusters. Furthermore, results of two commonly-used criteria, namely Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), showed that they fail to specify ERTs properly. The predicted values for m by the hybrid EQI-GMM approach were more accurate (RMSE is 0.0167 and 0.0056 for carbonate and sandstone samples, respectively) than outputs of the traditional Archie’s law (RMSE is 1.6697 and 0.1850 for carbonate and sandstone samples, respectively).

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Quantitative diagenesis: Methods for studying the evolution of the physical properties of tight carbonate reservoir rocks

Cited by 14 publications

References 74 publications

Fracture evaluation of the plutonic basement in the Upper Magdalena Basin: Implications for the development of naturally fractured reservoirs in the Northern Andes

Fracture evaluation of the plutonic basement in the Upper Magdalena Basin: Implications for the development of naturally fractured reservoirs in the Northern Andes

High Permeability Streak Identification and Modelling Approach for Carbonate Reef Reservoir

Electrical rock typing using Gaussian mixture model to determine cementation factor

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