Quantitative determination of the surface composition of acrylate copolymer latex films by XPS (ESCA)

Pijpers, A. P.; Donners, W. A. B.

doi:10.1002/pol.1985.170230219

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The C1s spectra of bulk PMMA sample are deconvoluted into four components . An XPS fit of the bulk PMMA C1s core level reveals peaks for CCH 3 , CC(O)R, COCO and OCO components.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Optimizing the sputter deposition process of polymers for the Storing Matter technique using PMMA

et al. 2016

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Quantitative analyses in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) become possible only if ionization processes are controlled. The Storing Matter technique has been developed to circumvent this so-called matrix effect, primarily for inorganic samples, but has also been extended to organic samples. For the latter, it has been applied to polystyrene in order to investigate the extent of damage in the polymer, its fragmentation during the sputter deposition process and the effect of the deposition process on the spectra taken by Time-of-Flight SIMS (ToF-SIMS). In this work, a multi-technique approach, which employs the Storing Matter technique for deposition and ToF-SIMS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for characterization, is used to enhance the control of the deposition process, including the thickness of the deposit, the alteration of the source film and the influence of polymer composition on the Storing Matter process. Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used for this work. More detailed information about the sticking of polymer fragments on the metal collector is obtained by density functional theory calculations. This work allows for the conclusion that a part of the fragments deposited on the collector surface diffuses on the latter, reacts and recombines to form larger fragments. The behaviour observed for PMMA is similar to polystyrene, showing that oxygen has no major influence on the processes occurring during the sputter deposition process. Additionally, we have developed a new methodology using 2D ToF-SIMS images of the deposit to monitor the deposit thickness and to identify surface contaminations. The latter are not only located at the position of the deposit but all over the collector surface. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Optimizing the sputter deposition process of polymers for the Storing Matter technique using PMMA

et al. 2016

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“…As shown in Figure 7, a nonlinear relationship is exhibited in the Ap variation versus the copolymer composition. However the Ap difference between the two homopolymer latexes is much more larger than with SDS, as is expected when increasing the hydrocarbon chain length of the emulsifier [9], Ap is indeed three times smaller for the P(BuA), whereas a threefold increase is found for the P(VAc), an indication that this more hydrophobic surfactant, would be less compatible with a polar surface than the SDS surfactanc Then, batch and composition-controlled batch were characterized in terms of surface composition (see Table 7 and Fig. 7).…”

Section: B) Adsorption Studies With Shs As Emulsifier Probementioning

confidence: 81%

“…With respect to the surface composition, different methods were succesfully tested for a quantitative determination: (i) the well-known soap titration method [6] which allows us to calculate the molecular adsorption area of an emulsifier at a given polymerwater interface; (ii) estimation of the polarity of latex films by contact angle measurement, as reported by Vijayendran [7] who also established that the surfactant adsorption at a polymer-water interface can be satisfactorily related to the polarity of the polymer surface [8]; (iii) analysis of surface by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA), as recently shown by Donners et al [9]. The former method has been used for a long time to investigate the effect of many parameters [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] on the adsorption behavior of an emulsifier such as, for instance, the polarity of the polymer [12,13], the type of emulsifier [15], the partide size [16], the electrolyte concentration [15], the presence of a functional comonomer [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization of particle surface and morphology in vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate emulsion copolymers ? Influence of the copolymerization pathway

Kong

Pichot²,

Guillot³

1987

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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Surface characterization was investigated in vinyl acetate (VAc) butyl acrylate (BuA) copolymer latexes of various compositions and prepared with four different emulsion polymerization processes: conventionnal batch, composition-controlled batch, core-shell, emulsifier-free semi-continuous. Surface end-groups (sulfate or carboxylic) titration results were first compared and discussed according to the type of process and as a function of conversion. As previously shown [1], it was confirmed that batch latex particles present a heterogeneous structure with a rich VAc outlayer, as in core-shell partitles. As expected, semi-continuous and composition=controlled batch particles exhibit surface end-group characteristics revealing a more homogeneous distribution of both monomers within the particles. These differences in particle morphology were corroborated by analyzing water-polymer interface in these latexes using the soap titration method, with the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS) as emulsifier probes. When the BuA was batch-polymerized onto PVAc seed particles, the estimated surface composition seemed to show that probably phase rearrangement occurs in the particle during the synthesis or upon aging. It was also confirmed that SDS displays an abnormal adsorption due to complexation and solubilization in the rich-VAc shell of the particles.

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“…Molecular orbital calculations revealed that the BEs of the b-C atoms shift not only because of the change in electronegativity of the substituent F vs. H, but also because of the change in the charge developed on the a-C atoms [5]. The magnitude of this shift is thus expected to be less pronounced as the electronegativity of the substituent decreases, as has been observed in Cl-, Br-, O-, and N-containing polymers [8][9][10][11]. The source of the shifts can be identified using a simple model that describes the BE shifts arising from ground state effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Next-nearest neighbour contributions to P 2p3/2 X-ray photoelectron binding energy shifts of mixed transition-metal phosphides M1−xM′xP with the MnP-type structure

Grosvenor

Cavell

Mar

2007

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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Quantitative determination of the surface composition of acrylate copolymer latex films by XPS (ESCA)

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Optimizing the sputter deposition process of polymers for the Storing Matter technique using PMMA

Optimizing the sputter deposition process of polymers for the Storing Matter technique using PMMA

Characterization of particle surface and morphology in vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate emulsion copolymers ? Influence of the copolymerization pathway

Next-nearest neighbour contributions to P 2p3/2 X-ray photoelectron binding energy shifts of mixed transition-metal phosphides M1−xM′xP with the MnP-type structure

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