Quantitative determination of size and properties of interphases in carbon nanotube-based multiscale composites

Bedi, Harpreet Singh; Tiwari, Mayank; Agnihotri, Prabhat K.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.02.059

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is known that the surface area of CVD grown CNTs increases by ~54% after their functionalization with carboxyl group, thus increasing the effective interfacial area and hence the interphase region. The available interphase region in nanocomposites varies proportionally with the quality of CNT dispersion, which is found to be better in case of oxidized and functionalized CNTs in Figure and schematically as shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Tiwari

Billing

Bedi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An experimental study is carried out to quantitatively assess the dispersion quality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy matrix as a function of CNT variant and weight fraction. To this end, two weight fractions (0.05% and 0.25%) of as-grown, oxidized, and functionalized CNTs are used to process CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared analysis of different variants of CNTs are used to establish the efficiency of purification route. While the relative change in mechanical properties is investigated through tensile and micro-hardness testing, thermal conductivity of different nanocomposites is measured to characterize the effect of CNT addition on the average thermal properties of epoxy. Later on, a quantitative analysis is carried out to establish the relationship between the observed improvements in average composite properties with the dispersion quality of CNTs in epoxy. It is shown that carboxylic (-COOH) functionalization reduces the average CNT agglomerate size and thus ensures better dispersion of CNTs in epoxy even at higher CNT weight fraction. The improved dispersion leads to enhanced interfacial interaction at the CNT/epoxy interface and hence provides higher relative improvement in nanocomposite properties compared to the samples prepared using as-grown and oxidized CNTs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Tiwari

Billing

Bedi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Thus, changes in IFSS are expected when the fiber/matrix interfacial interaction is modified by incorporating grafted CNTs in the composite system. One of the reasons behind this observation is the increase in fiber surface area [16] due to CNT grafting, which improves the wettability of CNT grafted carbon fiber with epoxy matrix [17] and hence the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite [14]. Therefore, CNT grafting proves to be effective in improving the shear strength of CFRPs at all loading rates considered in this study and facilitates their usage under situations of low and/or high strain rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotubes based hybrid composites: effect of loading rate

Bedi

Billing²,

Agnihotri

2019

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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Interfacial interaction is investigated between the two basic constituents in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs). Efforts have been made to quantify the Interfacial Shear Strength (IFSS) between individual Carbon Fiber (CF) and epoxy matrix in CFRPs by performing single fiber micro-droplet debond test. Initially, IFSS of the epoxy composites reinforced with unsized or Heated Carbon Fiber (HCF) is assessed. Study is then extended to assess the IFSS of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) based CFRP hybrid composites. The hybrid composites are prepared by reinforcing epoxy matrix with CNT grafted Carbon Fibers (CNTCF). The versatile, simple and time effective method of chemical vapor deposition is used to synthesize CNTs directly on the surface of CF. IFSS is found to enhance after the inclusion of grafted CNTs in CFRP composites. Keeping in mind the application view point of CFRPs to put up with varying loads, effect of loading rate on the IFSS of CFRPs is also examined. To this end, both HCF/epoxy and CNTCF/epoxy composites are debonded at cross-head rates varying by two orders of magnitude and IFSS values are compared. Finally, scanning electron microscopy of debonded fibers is carried out to understand the interfacial failure mechanism in various composites.

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“…e fundamental challenge for applied research on carbon nanotube-reinforced nanocomposites can be illustrated by the electron microscope images shown in Figure 1, where multiwalled carbon nanotubes (decade nanometers in diameter) are deposited on the surface of carbon fibers (a few microns in diameter) in yarn bundles (a few millimeters in diameter) [17,18]. e variation in the characteristic length scale of the reinforcement presents both new challenges and significant advantages in the development of fabrication techniques for carbon nanotube-reinforced nanocomposites [19][20][21][22] and the development of characterization techniques for such nanocomposites [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Characterization Techniques for the Interface in Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites

Chen

Gao

2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The current state of characterization techniques for the interface in carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites is reviewed. Different types of interfaces that exist within the nanocomposites are summarized, and current efforts focused on understanding the interfacial properties and interactions are reviewed. The emerging trends in characterization techniques and methodologies for the interface are presented, and their strengths and limitations are summarized. The intrinsic mechanism of the interactions at the interface between the carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix is discussed. Special attention is given to research efforts focused on chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes. The benefits and disadvantages associated with covalent and noncovalent functionalization methods are evaluated, respectively. Various techniques used to characterize the properties of the interface are extensively reviewed. How the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites depend on the physical and chemical nature of the interface is also discussed. Better understanding and design of the interface at the atomic level could become the forefront of research in the polymer community. Potential problems going to be solved are finally highlighted.

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Quantitative determination of size and properties of interphases in carbon nanotube-based multiscale composites

Cited by 63 publications

References 24 publications

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotubes based hybrid composites: effect of loading rate

Recent Advances in Characterization Techniques for the Interface in Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites

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