Quantitative determination of organic priority pollutants in sewage sludge by GC/MS

Lega, R.; Ladwig, G.; Meresz, O.; Clement, R.E.; Crawford, George; Salemi, R.; Jones, Y.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00027-1

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…After loading the sample extract containing PCBs, high molecular weight interferences were removed in the first 84 ml of 1:1 DCM:hexane, and PCBs were then eluted with additional 30 ml of 1:1 DCM:hexane. It was found that GPC was efficient for removing the chemicals that interfered with the quantification of PCBs, which is consist with the literature reports [15][16][17]. Further clean-up for the PCDD/Fs fraction was achieved by using the carbon column chromatography.…”

Section: Further Separation and Purification Of Fractions Containing supporting

confidence: 79%

Method development for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans in single extract of sediment samples

Liu

Zhang

Song

et al. 2006

Talanta

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A comprehensive method was developed for quantitative analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in one single extract of environmental samples. The sample preparation procedure included two fractionation steps using silver nitrate silica chromatography to separate PBDEs from PCBs and PCDD/Fs and florisil column to separate PCBs from PCDD/Fs. Acidic silica, acidic alumina and gel permeation chromatography (GPC, for PCBs) or activated carbon column (for PCDD/Fs) were used for further clean-up. The sample extracts were analyzed by using high-resolution gas chromatography/highresolution mass spectrometry. The entire method was validated from the analysis of mixed standards of PBDEs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs (n = 3); the analysis of certified reference biota (WMF-01). The method was applied for the analysis of 10 sediment samples collected from Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River in Tianjin City. No significant PBDEs pollution was found in the areas.

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Section: Further Separation and Purification Of Fractions Containing supporting

confidence: 79%

Method development for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans in single extract of sediment samples

Liu

Zhang

Song

et al. 2006

Talanta

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“…PAE extraction was performed twice on this amount of matter with a mixture of 10 ml of dichloromethane and 20 ml of di-ethylether [8]. The mixture: solvents + sample was poured into a glass centrifugation tube with Teflon caps, shaken for 30 min and then centrifuged for 15 min at a rate of 2500 rpm.…”

Section: Pae Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, questions about toxic effects of PAEs and their metabolites persist today [6]. The presence of PAEs mainly DEHP in sludge has been mentioned in numerous studies [7][8][9]. PAEs have been found in sewage sludge at levels of 12-1250 mg/kg [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of phthalic acid esters during composting of both lagooning and activated sludges

Amir¹,

Hafidi²,

Merlina³

et al. 2005

Process Biochemistry

126

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Among the phthalic acid esters (PAEs) targeted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as priority pollutants, diethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the major pollutant identified at high concentration level in lagooning sludge (LS), at about 28.67 mg/kg, and in activated sludge (AS), at about 6.26 mg/kg. Other phthalic acid esters, such as di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-methyl phthalate (DMP) show very low concentrations. During sludge composting, after the stabilization phase, the subsequent appearance of DEP and then DMP occurred indicating that microbial metabolism begins by alkyl side-chain degradation before aromatic ring-cleavage. The appearance and accumulation of PAEs with a short alkyl side-chain in the last stages of AS and LS composting is suggested originating from the degradation of phthalates with a much long side-chain. The DEHP showed a rate of biodegradation that follows a first-order kinetic model during composting of both AS and LS. The calculated DEHP half-lives are 45.4 days for LS and 28.9 days for AS. The better DEHP biodegradation rate (2.4 Â 10 À2 day À1 ) have been observed in the case of AS composting compared to LS compost (1.53 Â 10 À2 day À1 ). The mono-ethylhexyl phthalates MEHP has been shown to follow the same order of biodegradation as DEHP indicating that the same mechanism is followed (hydrolysis or dealkylation of each DEHP side-chain). Composting could be suggested as a detoxification process for the removal of PAEs (mainly DEHP) from sludges after a sufficient time of treatment to provide a safe end product.

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“…SPE is the most commonly used technique for enrichment of dicamba as well as phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides [5]. Additionally, solvent extraction has been applied for the determination of dicamba in sewage sludges [6] and supercritical fluid extraction has been used in the analysis of food crops [7]. Several types of sorbents have been developed for preconcentration of dicamba; however, those based on chemically bonded silica are the most widely used [8 -12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of carbon nanotubes as a sorbent for dicamba herbicide

Biesaga

Pyrzyńska²

2006

J. Sep. Sci.

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The potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a novel sorbent for extraction of dicamba, a highly polar acidic herbicide, from aqueous samples was evaluated. The sorption capacity of CNTs increases remarkably with decreasing sample pH. The solution of ACN and ammonia (80:20 v/v) was found to be the most effective as the eluent for desorption from a 0.2 g CNT cartridge. The method was tested for river water samples with the LOD of 2 microg/L (for 100 mL sample) and compared with C18 bonded silica.

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Quantitative determination of organic priority pollutants in sewage sludge by GC/MS

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Method development for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans in single extract of sediment samples

Method development for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans in single extract of sediment samples

Fate of phthalic acid esters during composting of both lagooning and activated sludges

The evaluation of carbon nanotubes as a sorbent for dicamba herbicide

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