Quantitative Determination of Lethal Concentration Lc50 of Atrazine on Biochemical Parameters; Total Protein and Serum Albumin of Freshwater Fish Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Khan, Ahsan; Shah, Nazish; Muhammad, Muhammad; Khan, Mian Sayed; Ahmad, Munawar Saleem; Farooq, M. Umar; Adnan, Muhammad; Jawad, Shahibzada Muhammad; Ullah, Hayat; Yousafzai, Ali Muhammad

doi:10.15244/pjoes/61849

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…It consumed muscle energy in the absenteeism of carbohydrates. The exhaustion of protein may be due to stress-mediated immobilization of these molecules to meet an increased demand for energy by the fish to adapt to stress (Khan et al, 2016). The reduction in total protein concentration was notable after exposure to ATZ in O. niloticus (Hussein, El-Nasser, & Ahmed, 1996), grass carp (Khan et al, 2016) and common carp (Khalil et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exhaustion of protein may be due to stress-mediated immobilization of these molecules to meet an increased demand for energy by the fish to adapt to stress (Khan et al, 2016). The reduction in total protein concentration was notable after exposure to ATZ in O. niloticus (Hussein, El-Nasser, & Ahmed, 1996), grass carp (Khan et al, 2016) and common carp (Khalil et al, 2017). Reduced protein levels in ATZ-exposed Pacu fingerling might be promoted by kidney and liver damage, delaying synthesis in the liver or causing elimination by the kidneys (de Paiva et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alleviating effects of β‐glucan inOreochromis niloticuson growth performance, immune reactions, antioxidant, transcriptomics disorders and resistance toAeromonas sobriacaused by atrazine

2020

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Three hundred Oreochromis niloticus were divided into five groups; the control fish (CNT) were fed a basal diet, beta glucan (βG) group was fed 0.5 g/kg−1 βG, atrazine (ATZ) group was exposed to 1/5 96‐hr LC50 (1.39 mg/L) ATZ, the (βG/ATZ) group was fed βG while being exposed to ATZ, and the (βG then ATZ) group was supplemented with βG for fifteen days before exposed to ATZ. ATZ exposure caused a decline in growth that was ameliorated by βG. ATZ reduced the levels of total and different types of leucocytes. Additionally, ATZ exposure caused reductions in total proteins, globulins, α 1‐globulin, α 2‐globulin, ɤ‐globulin, immunoglobulin M, lysozymes, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide and catalase but increases in hepatic transaminases and malondialdehyde without any variations in albumin and β‐globulin. Exposure to ATZ also resulted in a rise in the mRNA level of IL‐8. In contrast, expression of IgM, SOD and CAT were decreased in the tilapias exposed to ATZ. Exposure to ATZ increases the susceptibility response to Aeromonas sobria challenge, as indicated by an increase in cumulative mortality post‐challenge. Supplementation with βG fifteen days before (βG then ATZ group), counteracted the adverse effects of ATZ on the immune, biochemical and antioxidants values, though only slight alleviation was observed with simultaneous treatment (βG/ATZ group). Our results established that ATZ has adverse impacts on immune responses, antioxidant equilibrium and its related genes. While, supplementation with βG before exposure to ATZ may be valuable for counteracting the possible damage caused by ATZ water pollution than its simultaneous treatment with ATZ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviating effects of β‐glucan inOreochromis niloticuson growth performance, immune reactions, antioxidant, transcriptomics disorders and resistance toAeromonas sobriacaused by atrazine

2020

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“…This causes a disruption in the electron transport system of the plant and its eventual death [59]. However, the compound is relatively persistent in soil, lasting for up to 4 years in some types of soils and therefore migrating from soil to underground water, which causes its contamination [58,60]. Despite atrazine having been banned since 2004 in European countries, as of 2014 it is the second mostused pesticide in the United States and the most widely used in Australia [58].…”

Section: Dehalogenation Of Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytosolic Glutathione S-transferase in Bacteria: A Review

Shehu¹,

Abdullahi²,

Alias³

2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase in bacteria possesses the biochemical capacity to degrade various classes of organochlorine pollutants in the environment in addition to their primary role of defending the organism from a wide range of endobiotics and xenobiotic substrates. Furthermore, the ability of different classes of cGST to recognize a wide repertoire of substrates due the variability in the substrate binding site of the enzymes makes them well suited for bioremediation purposes. cGSTs act as dehalogenases promoting a rapid degradation of various organochlorine compounds. Dehalogenation served as the primary mechanism for detoxification of various organochlorine compounds, making them vulnerable to attack by other degradative enzymes. However, despite their potential and advantage of wide substrate specificity, cGSTs have not been exploited for bioremediation purposes. In this review, we described the various cGST classes in bacteria and their phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, the review reiterated that cGSTs in bacteria are involved in dehalogenation reaction, and this property can be harnessed for bioremediation of a diverse class of organochlorine pollutants as they currently represent the largest class of pollutants in the environment.

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“…Despite the known toxic effects of the isolated atrazine on non-target species (He et al 2012, Khan et al 2016, other factors should be considered when dealing with commercial products. These substances are known as adjuvants and can function as solubilizers and emulsifiers in the product mixture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic tests show the sensitivity of the Daphnia similis (Crustacea, Cladocera) and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Chlorophyceae) to commercial pesticides

Kühl

Espíndola

Mantovano

et al. 2022

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Pesticides have reached aquatic ecosystems and have caused numerous impacts on organisms. The present study aimed to assess the sensitivity of Daphnia similis Straus 1820 and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) F.Hindák to three commercial pesticides with different active ingredients: Siptran 500SC® (atrazine), Dimilin® (diflubenzuron), and Aproach Prima® (picoxystrobin + cyproconazole). For this purpose, we performed acute toxicity tests on these organisms. The compound most toxic to D. similis was the insecticide Dimilin® (toxic up to 5 μg/L of the active ingredient), followed by the fungicide Aproach Prima® (48h-EC50: 47.33 μg of the active ingredients/L) and the herbicide Siptran 500SC® (48h-EC50: 534.69 mg of the active ingredient/L).In contrast, Siptran 500SC® was the most toxic compound (96h-IC50: 52.61 μg/L) to P. subcapitata, followed by Aproach Prima® (96h-IC50: 164.73 μg/L) and Dimilin® (non-toxic up to 1 g/L). The toxicity of the fungicide to algae and microcrustaceans demonstrates that compounds developed for certain organisms are able to affect others, indicating the relevance of conducting ecotoxicological tests on different organisms.

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Quantitative Determination of Lethal Concentration Lc50 of Atrazine on Biochemical Parameters; Total Protein and Serum Albumin of Freshwater Fish Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Alleviating effects of β‐glucan inOreochromis niloticuson growth performance, immune reactions, antioxidant, transcriptomics disorders and resistance toAeromonas sobriacaused by atrazine

Alleviating effects of β‐glucan inOreochromis niloticuson growth performance, immune reactions, antioxidant, transcriptomics disorders and resistance toAeromonas sobriacaused by atrazine

Cytosolic Glutathione S-transferase in Bacteria: A Review

Toxic tests show the sensitivity of the Daphnia similis (Crustacea, Cladocera) and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Chlorophyceae) to commercial pesticides

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