“…The suggested method was also applied for the quantification of the studied drugs in actual wastewater samples obtained from different pharmaceutical industrial factories around the KSA. To validate the results obtained by the cited method, the found concentrations in the actual wastewater samples were compared with those obtained by applying the reference methods for the determination of the studied PPIs in the same samples [ 10 , 18 , 26 ], declaring good matching between the results ( Table 4 ). The standard addition technique was well applied for the actual wastewater samples, confirming the excellent performance of the cited method ( Table 5 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Calibration plots were used to get the unknown concentrations. The obtained results were compared to those obtained by applying reference methods for the determination of OMP, PNT, and LNZ [ 10 , 18 , 26 ] after sample pretreatment by the same extraction protocol. Additionally, the suggested method was validated by the application of the standard addition procedure to the actual wastewater samples at three concentration levels (10, 20, and 30 ng/mL).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…LNZ (C 16 H 13 F 3 N 3 NaO 2 S), sodium;2-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide, is a potent PPI. It was determined spectrophotometrically in capsules and spiked human urine through ion-pair complex formation with bromocresol purple and bromothymol blue [ 18 ]. Kinetic spectrophotometry was applied for the quantification of LNZ in a pharmaceutical formulation via its reaction with alkaline potassium permanganate at room temperature [ 19 ].…”
Monitoring and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the environment constitute important and challenging tasks, as they are directly associated with human health. Three commonly used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), namely, omeprazole sodium (OMP), pantoprazole sodium (PNT), and lansoprazole sodium (LNZ) are well separated and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. The separation of the studied drugs was performed on a stationary phase with a WatersTM column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase was composed of methanol:0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 7.5 using NaOH) (50:50, v/v). The elution process was done in gradient mode by changing the relative proportions of the mobile phase components with time to get an optimum separation pattern. The flow rate of the developing system was adjusted to 0.8 mL/minute. Detection of the separated drugs was performed at 230 nm. The studied drugs were quantified in the concentration range of 10–200 ng/mL for all drugs. The cited method was fully validated according to the international conference on harmonization (ICH-Q2B) guidelines, then it was applied successfully for quantification of the studied PPIs in real wastewater samples after their solid phase extraction (SPE).
“…The suggested method was also applied for the quantification of the studied drugs in actual wastewater samples obtained from different pharmaceutical industrial factories around the KSA. To validate the results obtained by the cited method, the found concentrations in the actual wastewater samples were compared with those obtained by applying the reference methods for the determination of the studied PPIs in the same samples [ 10 , 18 , 26 ], declaring good matching between the results ( Table 4 ). The standard addition technique was well applied for the actual wastewater samples, confirming the excellent performance of the cited method ( Table 5 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Calibration plots were used to get the unknown concentrations. The obtained results were compared to those obtained by applying reference methods for the determination of OMP, PNT, and LNZ [ 10 , 18 , 26 ] after sample pretreatment by the same extraction protocol. Additionally, the suggested method was validated by the application of the standard addition procedure to the actual wastewater samples at three concentration levels (10, 20, and 30 ng/mL).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…LNZ (C 16 H 13 F 3 N 3 NaO 2 S), sodium;2-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide, is a potent PPI. It was determined spectrophotometrically in capsules and spiked human urine through ion-pair complex formation with bromocresol purple and bromothymol blue [ 18 ]. Kinetic spectrophotometry was applied for the quantification of LNZ in a pharmaceutical formulation via its reaction with alkaline potassium permanganate at room temperature [ 19 ].…”
Monitoring and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the environment constitute important and challenging tasks, as they are directly associated with human health. Three commonly used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), namely, omeprazole sodium (OMP), pantoprazole sodium (PNT), and lansoprazole sodium (LNZ) are well separated and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. The separation of the studied drugs was performed on a stationary phase with a WatersTM column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase was composed of methanol:0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 7.5 using NaOH) (50:50, v/v). The elution process was done in gradient mode by changing the relative proportions of the mobile phase components with time to get an optimum separation pattern. The flow rate of the developing system was adjusted to 0.8 mL/minute. Detection of the separated drugs was performed at 230 nm. The studied drugs were quantified in the concentration range of 10–200 ng/mL for all drugs. The cited method was fully validated according to the international conference on harmonization (ICH-Q2B) guidelines, then it was applied successfully for quantification of the studied PPIs in real wastewater samples after their solid phase extraction (SPE).
“…On the basis of analyzing the above parameters, the best quality attributes are selected for the optimization purpose. However, the method developed by Janardhanan et al in 2011 [21] and by Patel et al in 2009 [22] is different from this method in terms of mobile phase, calibration range as well as Quality by Design (QbD)-based optimization and validation of the method. HPLC separation techniques based on the "trial and error" methodology are time-consuming and can only provide information on the responsiveness of various critical analytical parameters.…”
A highly specific, accurate, and simple RP-HPLC technique was developed for the real-time quantification of domperidone (DOMP) and lansoprazole (LANS) in commercial formulations. Chromatographic studies were performed using a Luna C8(2), 5 μm, 100Å, column (250 × 4.6 mm, Phenomenex) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium acetate (51:49 v/v), pH 6.7. The flow rate was 1 mL·min−1 with UV detection at 289 nm. Linearity was observed within the range of 4–36 µg·mL−1 for domperidone and 2–18 µg·mL−1 for lansoprazole. Method optimization was achieved using Box-Behnken design software, in which three key variables were examined, namely, the flow rate (A), the composition of the mobile phase (B), and the pH (C). The retention time (Y1 and Y3) and the peak area (Y2 and Y4) were taken as the response parameters. We observed that slight alterations in the mobile phase and the flow rate influenced the outcome, whereas the pH exerted no effect. Method validation featured various ICH parameters including linearity, limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, stability, and system suitability. This method is potentially useful for the analysis of commercial formulations and laboratory preparations.
“…A number of colour formation reactions utilizing different reagents have been employed for the visible spectrophotometric determination of LAN in pharmaceuticals [4,12,40,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. The reported methods are based on complexation and oxidative coupling [44], formation of a charge-transfer complex [4,45], redox followed by complexation or colour bleaching [46][47][48][49], bromination [50], ion-pair complexation reaction [51][52][53][54][55] and coupling with diazotized p-nitroaniline [56]. However, most of the reported visible spectrophotometric methods suffer from one or more disadvantages, such as poor sensitivity [4,44,45], a narrow range of determination [47][48][49][50], use of a heating step [44,48], and use of an extraction step [52][53][54][55], as shown in Table 1.…”
(2016) Use of picric acid and iodine as electron acceptors for spectrophotometric determination of lansoprazole through a charge-transfer complexation reaction,
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