Quantitative Determination of Cadmium (Cd) in Soil-Plant System in Potato Cropping (Solanum tuberosum var. Huayro)

Abstract

One of the main daily consumer products in Peru is potato, but in recent years, the addition of agrochemicals with possible heavy metal content, such as cadmium (Cd) has decreased the quality of the final product resulting in a negative impact on soils. The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of Cd in cultivation areas and in potato plantations. For this purpose, 6 tuber samples, 6 leaf samples, as well as 6 samples of agricultural soil used for cultivation were taken. Subsequently, the concentrations of Cd were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the results were subjected to variance analysis and mean comparison test (Tukey p<0.05). Soil analysis for Cd shows that 50% of samples are not suitable for agricultural use, with concentrations reaching 3.99 mg kg−1 Cd; 83% of tuber samples pose a health risk, exceeding the Maximum Allowable Limits (0.1 mg kg−1) set by the Codex Alimentarius; and in the case of the leaves as a whole they have alarming levels of Cd, exceeding 2 mg kg−1.

Environmental Impact of Heavy Metals in Soils from Electronic Waste Dumpsite in Southwest Nigeria

“…From this study, the highest mean, 15.91±1.61 mg/kg at surface and 20.20±3.10 mg/kg at sub-surface, exceeded the limit set by WHO [30]. These concentrations were higher than the concentrations displayed in some literatures: 0.36 mg/kg [31]; 3.99 mg/kg [32], 7.51 mg/kg [17]; 0.32 mg/kg [14], 6.5 mg/kg from Amokom dumpsite [13]; 0.011 mg/kg [9]; and 1.40 mg/kg [33]. However, it was lower than the maximum concentrations of: 209 mg/kg from Kronum dumpsite [13]; 531 and 21 mg/kg [34,22], respectively.…”

Lead and Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Fresh Cow’s Milk in an Intermediate Area of the Central Andes of Peru and Risk to Human Health

“…In the Cd case, in this study, the soil contained 10.13 mg/kg, 7.2 times higher than the MRL [44], and its pathway of entry into the soil would be mainly due to its presence in phosphorus fertilizers and agrochemicals [75][76][77], in CIMIRM irrigation water and from fine particles that are transported through the air from La Oroya by the action of the winds [78]. This high Cd content in the soil-plant system bioaccumulates in milk, resulting in a high Cd content in this staple food for the Peruvian population.…”

Assessment of the variation of heavy metals and pesticide residues in native and modern potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars grown at different altitudes in a typical mining region in Peru

“…The highest and statistically equal (p < 0.05) concentrations of Cd are found in the Suni region (higher altitude) and Chala & Yunga region (lower altitude), averaging 0.011 and 0.008 mg/kg, respectively. The cause may be the repeated use of agro-chemicals in Chala & Yunga and organic fertilizer in Suni, as other studies have shown that both products favor the accumulation of Cd in potatoes [6] , [51] .…”