Quantitative Determination of Alkaloids in Lotus Flower (Flower Buds of Nelumbo nucifera) and Their Melanogenesis Inhibitory Activity

Abstract

A quantitative analytical method for five aporphine alkaloids, nuciferine (1), nornuciferine (2), N-methylasimilobine (3), asimilobine (4), and pronuciferine (5), and five benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, armepavine (6), norarmepavine (7), N-methylcoclaurine (8), coclaurine (9), and norjuziphine (10), identified as the constituents responsible for the melanogenesis inhibitory activity of the extracts of lotus flowers (the flower buds of Nelumbo nucifera), has been developed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The optimum conditions for separation and detection of these 10 alkaloids were achieved on a πNAP column, a reversed-phase column with naphthylethyl group-bonded silica packing material, with CH 3 CN-0.2% aqueous acetic acid as the mobile phase and using mass spectrometry equipped with a positive-mode electrospray ionization source. According to the protocol established, distributions of these 10 alkaloids in the petal, receptacle, and stamen parts, which were separated from the whole flower, were examined. As expected, excellent correlations were observed between the total alkaloid content and melanogenesis inhibitory activity. Among the active alkaloids, nornuciferine (2) was found to give a carbamate salt (2 11 ) via formation of an unstable carbamic acid (2 1 ) by absorption of carbon dioxide from the air.

A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Profiling of Nelumbo Nucifera: Potential for Drug Development

“…Pronuciferine Anti-obesity, Anti-oxidant (Ma et al, 2015), Anti-melanogenesis (Morikawa et al, 2016) models, and the results were similar to that of standard antipyretic drug, paracetamol (Sinha et al, 2000). Immune-modulatory activity of N. nucifera rhizome was evaluated, and the study found that treatment of rhizome inhibited mast cell degranulation and LPS induced activation of macrophages (Mukherjee et al, 2010).…”

“…Anti-pyretic potential of ethanolic extract from N. nucifera stalks was evaluated on normal body temperature and yeast induced pyrexia in rats. It was found that the extract caused significant lowering of body temperature in both Nuciferine Hepato-protective (Ma et al, 2015, Anti-cancer (Liu et al, 2015, Anti-inflammatory , Insulin secretagogue (Nguyen et al, 2012), (Hu et al, 2010), Antipsychotic (Farrell et al, 2016), Anti-melanogenesis (Morikawa et al, 2016), hERG blocker (Grienke et al, 2015) 3…”

“…Liensinine Hemodynamics (Wang et al, 1992), Arrhythmia (Wang et al, 1993) (Qian, 2002) Antidepressant (Sugimoto et al, 2015), Anti-cholinesterase (Jung et al, 2010), Antiautophagy (Zhou et al, 2015), hERG blocker ( Isoliensinine Anti-oxidant, Anti-cancer (Shu et al, 2015); , Anti-atherosclerosis (Xiao et al, 2006), Anti-fibrosis (Xiao et al, 2005), antidepressants (Sugimoto et al, 2015) 6 Asimilobine Neuroprotective, Anti-psychotic (Shoji et al, 1987), Anti-melanogenesis (Morikawa et al, 2016), hERG blocker (Grienke et al, 2015) 7 Kaempferol Anti-allergic (Shim et al, 2009), (Shim et al, 2015) Anti-hyperlipidemia, Anti-diabetic (Lee et al, 2015a) 8…”

Liquid chromatographic separation of alkaloids in herbal medicines: Current status and perspectives

“…Determination of isoquinoline alkaloids in the extracts from flower buds of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. was performed by addition of acetic acid [14].…”

Anti-Tyrosinase Activity From Various Solvents of Peanut Shell (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Extracts in Vitro

“…Peanut shells are products of peanut crop and ones generally disposed of as waste, but it actually contains high antioxidants potential with total polyphenols, flavonoids, contents of amino acids, alkaloids, and terpenes [5,6]. Some previous studies have proven the ability of flavonoids and alkaloids as anti-tyrosinase [7,8]. In this study, we used a variety of solvents to attract various active compounds contained in peanut shells to assess the anti-tyrosinase activity.…”