Quantitative Detection of Ambroxol in Human Plasma Using HPLC-APCI-MS/MS: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study

Abstract

In this study, a rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of ambroxol in human plasma was developed and validated using palmatine as an internal standard (IS). Ambroxol and IS were extracted from 200 μL of human plasma via a simple protein precipitation preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Platisil C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using methanol-0.01% formic acid (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min under an isocratic condition. The MS acquisition m/z 379 → 264 for ambroxol and 352 → 336 for IS was performed by atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curve for ambroxol was linear over the concentration range of 2.500 -180.0 ng/mL. The matrix effects of ambroxol ranged from 104.6 to 112.7%. This fully validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ambroxol in humans after oral administration of ambroxol at a single dose of 75 mg.

Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

“…Palmatine is a naturally occurring cationic alkaloid with strong anticancer, antidiabetic, and anticardiovascular disease therapeutic effects. Its cationic, highly planar structure facilitates its intercalation in DNA and intercalation-assisted binding. − Palmatine has been used for the imaging of biologically relevant targets , and has also been used as a sensor for a variety of analytes, including a number of pharmaceutical agents, namely cetylpyridinium chloride, an antiseptic; ambroxol, a decongestant; phenformin hydrochloride, an antidiabetic agent; coralyne, a potential cancer treatment; and clorprenaline, a bronchodilator…”