econd generation stents, such as the Multi-Link stent (Guidant, Santa Clara, CA, USA), represent a vast improvement in interventional technology and are currently the most commonly utilized stents. Recent trials involving the Multi-Link stent have demonstrated low rates of both angiographic restenosis and target lesion revascularization. 1,2 The delivery system for the Multi-Link stent contains an elastic membrane between the stent and the balloon catheter. We describe a case of coronary dissection caused by overdilatation of the elastic membrane due to balloon rupture in the Multi-Link stent delivery system.
Case ReportA 65-year-old male was admitted to hospital because of the recent onset unstable angina. Coronary angiography was performed and revealed a 90% stenosis in the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) (Fig 1A). The left anterior descending artery and the left circumflex artery were free of significant coronary artery disease. A 6F FR4 Cyber guiding catheter (SCIMED, Maple Grove, MN, USA) was positioned at the RCA ostium. A 0.014" Balance guidewire (Guidant) was advanced across the lesion into the distal lumen of the RCA. Initially, balloon angioplasty was performed using a 3.5 mm Maxxum balloon catheter (SCIMED) inflated to 6 atmospheres. Then, a 15-mm Multi-Link stent, premounted on a 3.5 mm balloon catheter, was positioned at the lesion site ( Fig 1B). While the balloon catheter was slowly being inflated, the balloon inflation pressure fell abruptly from 7 to 3 atmospheres. Coronary angiographic observation during inflation revealed overdilatation of the proximal portion of the balloon catheter (Fig 1C). Although the balloon catheter was deflated, the overdilatation remained. An attempt was made to remove the balloon catheter by pulling it back into the guiding catheter; however, this was unsuccessful. Subsequently, the guidewire, balloon catheter, and guiding catheter were withdrawn from the coronary artery as one assembled unit, leaving the stent in place. Coronary angiography revealed a coronary dissection with forward flow proximal to the Multi-Link stent (Fig 1D). An 18-mm gfx stent (Arterial Vascular Engineering, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) premounted on a 3.5-mm balloon catheter was then deployed to treat this dissection (Fig 1E). Additional balloon inflations were performed in both the Multi-Link stent and the gfx stent with a 3.5 mm Maxxum balloon catheter reaching an inflation pressure of 16 atm. The final angiogram demonstrated a good result (Fig 1F).
DiscussionClinical and angiographic restenosis rates in selected lesions are reduced with coronary stenting compared with conventional balloon angioplasty. 3 Sufficient radial strength to support the vessel and good flexibility to reach a target lesion are 2 of the most important features of an ideal coronary stent. However, the 'first generation' stents, such as the Palmaz-Schatz stent and the Gianturco-Roubin stent, have only one of those features. The Palmaz-Schatz stent has high radial force and low flexibility, whereas the Gianturco-Roubin ste...