Quantitative confirmation of ethalfluralin and trifluralin in soil extracts by negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Moyer, J. R.; Elder, J.L.

doi:10.1021/jf00124a043

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Duseja and Holmes (1978); reported that in Tennessee less than I% of the trifluralin remained in the soil 5 rno after application where air temperature averaged 24 C and 480 mm of precipitation were recorded. Under warm, moist weather conditions loss through vaporization was greatly accelerated (Duseja and Holmes 1978;Jacques and Harvey 1979a;Kennedy and Talbert 1977;Kirpott et al 1982;Solbakken et al 1982) but, under cool «5 C), dry conditions loss was negligible (Hollingsworth 1980;Jacques and Harvey 1979b;Kennedy and Talbert 1977;Moyer and Elder 1984). Smith and Hayden (1982) reported that in Saskatchewan soils minimal degradation of trifluralin occurred during the winter months from the end of October to the beginning of May.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Incorporated and Non-incorporated Granular Trifluralin for Annual Grass Control in Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Canola (Brassica napus)

Kirkland¹

1996

Weed technol.

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The comparison of incorporation vs no incorporation on a mid-October application of the granular formulation of trifluralin to control infestations of wild oat and green foxtail was evaluated in spring barley, wheat, and canola in west central Saskatchewan over a 3 yr period. Incorporation treatments consisted of: no incorporation, one incorporation in fall, one incorporation in fall and a second in spring, one incorporation in fall and two additional incorporations in spring. All treatments eliminated green foxtail. In all three crops wild oat panicle counts were equivalent from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. Wild oat fresh weights in crops grown on stubble were similar for incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin. In fallow crops, wild oat fresh weight reductions were greater in three of nine site years with incorporation. There was little difference in crop yields from incorporated and non-incorporated trifluralin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Incorporated and Non-incorporated Granular Trifluralin for Annual Grass Control in Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Canola (Brassica napus)

Kirkland¹

1996

Weed technol.

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“…The official method recommends analytical conditions for a secondary GC column to confirm results from the primary column. In our method, gas chromatographic electron- (3) á-hexachlorocyclohexane (d-BHC); (4) y-hexachlorocyclohexane or lindane (g-BHC); (5) aldrin; (6) dieldrin; (7) endrin; (8) endrin aldehyde (endrin aid); (9) heptachlor, (10) heptachlor epoxide (hepta epox); (11) oxychlordane; (12) -chlordane (a-chlordane); (13) y-chlordane (g-chlordane); ( 14) frans-nonachlor (t-nonachlor); (15) endosulfan I (endo I); ( 16) endosulfan II (endo II); (17) endosulfan sulfate (endo sulfate); (18) p.p'-DDE; (19) ,/r'-DDT; (20) general structure of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water: A Low-Solvent Method

Ong¹,

Hites²

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Herbicide formulation, soil temperature, soil organic matter, weather conditions and previous crop are factors which have been shown to influence ethalfluralin concentration in soils during the year following application (Hayden and Smith 1980;Moyer and Elder 1984;Gerwing and McKercher 1992). Agronomic factors which influence the response of wheat to ethalfluralin residues after seeding include soil temperature following seeding, deep seeding and cultivar differences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil temperature, seeding depth and cultivar on wheat tolerance to simulated ethalfluralin carryover

Darwent¹,

Lefkovitch²,

Mills³

1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Field and controlled environment experiments were conducted at Beaverlodge, Alberta to determine the effect of soil temperature, seeding depth and cultivar on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to ethalfluralin. In one experiment, ethalfluralin was applied and incorporated, and wheat was seeded at several depths in late April/early May when soil temperatures were lowest or in late May when soil temperatures had increased. Mean 3-yr wheat yields decreased by 45% as the rate of ethalfluralin increased from 0 to 0.75 kg ha−1 and by 21% as the depth of seeding increased from 4 to 12.5 cm but the effect of ethalfluralin on yields was similar regardless of the soil temperature (time of seeding). Mean plant density decreased by 55% as the rate of ethalfluralin increased and by 25% as the depth of seeding increased. Reductions in mean plant density from ethalfluralin were slightly greater when seeded into the warmer soils. In another experiment, the effect of ethalfluralin on the yields of three wheat cultivars, Laura, Conway and Biggar was similar, i.e. the cultivar × rate of ethalfluralin interaction was not significant. However, the mean plant density of Biggar, averaged over rates of ethalfluralin, was less than that of the other cultivars in 1 of 2 yr. In a controlled environment experiment, the oven-dry weight and percent emergence of wheat shoots of the cultivars, Katepwa, Laura and Conway, seeded at 1.5 or 4 cm into soils containing ethalfluralin at concentrations of 0 to 4 ppm and maintained at temperatures of 4.5 or 15 °C, were reduced by decreases in temperature and increases in the rate of herbicide and depth of seeding. However, the interaction of soil temperature × rate of ethalfluralin was not significant for the oven-dry weight of the wheat shoots and the reduction in percent emergence of the wheat shoots as the rate of ethalfluralin increased was only slightly greater at 4.5 °C than at 15 °C. These results indicate that soil temperature and cultivar selection have a minor effect on wheat tolerance to ethalfluralin while herbicide concentration and depth of seeding have a major impact. Key words: Ethalfluralin, wheat, seeding depth, soil temperature, cultivar

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Quantitative confirmation of ethalfluralin and trifluralin in soil extracts by negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Use of Incorporated and Non-incorporated Granular Trifluralin for Annual Grass Control in Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Canola (Brassica napus)

Use of Incorporated and Non-incorporated Granular Trifluralin for Annual Grass Control in Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Canola (Brassica napus)

Determination of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water: A Low-Solvent Method

Effect of soil temperature, seeding depth and cultivar on wheat tolerance to simulated ethalfluralin carryover

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