Quantitative Comparison and Metabolite Profiling of Saponins in Different Parts of the Root of Panax notoginseng

Abstract

Although both rhizome and root of Panax notoginseng are officially utilized as notoginseng in “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, individual parts of the root were differently used in practice. To provide chemical evidence for the differentiated usage, quantitative comparison and metabolite profiling of different portions derived from the whole root, as well as commercial samples, were carried out, showing an overall higher content of saponins in rhizome, followed by main root, branch root, and fibrous root. Ginsenoside Rb2 was proposed as a potential marker with a content of 0.5 mg/g as a threshold value for differentiating rhizome from other parts. Multivariate analysis of the metabolite profile further suggested 32 saponins as potential markers for the discrimination of different parts of notoginseng. Collectively, the study provided comprehensive chemical evidence for the distinct usage of different parts of notoginseng and, hence, is of great importance for the rational application and exploitation of individual parts of notoginseng.

Identification and quantification of the anti-inflammatory constituents in Pian-Tze-Huang by liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

“…These fragments were consistent with the previous report for notoginsenoside H[19].Compound 5 (tR = 16.85 min) produced a predominant [M+HCOO] -ion at m/z 879.4923 and other abundant characteristic fragment ions including m/z 833.5029 ([M-H] -) and 671.4383 ([M-H-Glc] -). All the MS information led to the conclusion that compound 5 was notoginsenoside J [19].…”

“…Combined with the above two parts of results, 21 bioactive compounds including taurine (1), notoginsenoside R1 (2), ginsenoside Re (3), ginsenoside Rg1 (4), ginsenoside Rf (5), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (6), taurocholic acid (7), ginsenoside Rg2 (8), ginsenoside Rh1 (9), ginsenoside Rb1 (10), glycocholic acid (11), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (12), ginsenoside Rd (13), cholic acid (14), ursodeoxycholic acid (15), hyodeoxycholic acid (16), glycodeoxycholic acid (17), ginsenoside Rg3 (18), chenodeoxycholic acid (19), deoxycholic acid (20) and muscone (21) were chosen as marker compounds in the quantitative analysis. In addtion, because of the similar structures, retention time and ionization response in ESI-MS, astragaloside (IS1) and cinobufagin (IS2) were employed as internal standards for saponins and bile acids.…”

UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS‐based metabolomics approach to compare the saponin compositions of Xueshuantong injection and Xuesaitong injection

“…S3). The samples of R, FR, and JK, grouped separately, while JT was partially mixed with FR and R, similar to the comparison result in a previous report [20]. OPLS-DA was further employed to probe into the chemical difference between R and JK.…”

Comparative transcriptome of rhizome and leaf in Ligusticum Chuanxiong

“…Many secondary metabolites, such as alkaloid, terpenoids, flavonoids, and anthraquinone, have been reported in the rhizome of plants (Friedemann et al 2014;Wang et al 2014). Furthermore, the rhizomes were the breeding organs Please see the full name of the abbreviation in Online Resource 1.…”