Quantitative characterization of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (aroclors® 1248, 1254 and 1260) by gas chromatograpy using capillary columns

Albro, Phillip W.; Corbett, Jean T.; Schroeder, Joanna L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81818-x

Cited by 147 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The characterization and use of commercial Aroclor mixtures in ratios has been reviewed, studied, and implemented by several laboratories, which has greatly aided in the quantitation of environmental samples. Ballschmiter and Zell (1980) used A1016, A1254, and A1260; others have used A1248, A1254, and A1260 (Albro et al 1981;Erickson and Stanley 1982); while Mullin et al (1984) used A1232, A1248, and A1262 along with several laboratory-synthesized PCB congeners. Bush et al (1982) used A1016, A1221, A1254, and A1260 in a 1:1:1:1 ratio mix that would quantify 72 PCB congeners, which identified the major and minor PCB congeners found in the northeastern USA (Erickson 1997).…”

Section: Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of PCBs in raw and finished drinking water at seven public water systems along the Hudson River

Palmer

Wilson

Casey

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in raw and finished drinking water at seven Public Water Systems (PWSs) along the Hudson River as part of a baseline monitoring program prior to the extensive sediment dredging of the Upper Hudson River. Water samples were either analyzed using an Aroclor method (based on USEPA Method 508) or a congener method (Modified Green Bay Mass Balance Method). Using the congener-based method, raw water concentrations ranged from <9.3 to 164.3 ng/L and finished water concentrations ranged from <9.3 to 186.6 ng/L. Using the Aroclor method, finished water concentrations ranged from <5.0 to 200.9 ng/L. Most finished water samples above 73.0 ng/L were from a PWS with wells drilled near the river. Excluding the well data, total PCB concentrations in raw water at systems in the Upper River were similar to concentrations at systems in the Lower River, though the congener patterns differed. Paired comparison of total PCB concentrations using the two analytical methods showed good agreement, although raw water showed a different relationship than finished water.

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Section: Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of PCBs in raw and finished drinking water at seven public water systems along the Hudson River

Palmer

Wilson

Casey

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Many technical PCB mixtures (Aroclors, Phenoclors, Clophens, and Kanechlors) contain varied concentrations of known chick-edema active compounds Bowes et al, 1975;Albro and Parker, 1979;Huckins et al, 1980;Albro et al, 1981;Kannan et al, 1987Kannan et al, , 1988. Of those mixtures fed to chicks, characteristic signs of chick-edema disease were produced .…”

Section: Specificity In the Causes Of The Observed Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS) in colonial fish‐eating birds: Similarity to chick‐edema disease

Gilbertson¹,

Kubiak

Ludwig³

et al. 1991

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

336

150

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Several species of colonial fish-eating birds nesting in the Great Lakes basin, including herring gulls, common terns and double-crested cormorants, have exhibited chronic impairment of reproduction. In addition to eggshell thinning caused by high levels of DDT and metabolites, the reproductive impairment is characterized by high embryonic and chick mortality, edema, growth retardation, and deformities, hence the name Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS). The hypothesis has been advanced that GLEMEDS in colonial fish-eating birds resembles chick-edema disease of poultry and has been caused by exposure to chick-edema active compounds that have a common mode of action through the cytochrome P-448 system. Detailed evidence has been collected from the following three groups of studies on herring gulls in the lower Great Lakes during the early 1970s; Forster's terns in Green Bay, Wisconsin in 1983; and double-crested cormorants and Caspian terns in various locations in the upper Great Lakes from 1986 onwards. It has proved difficult to establish not only the onset of the disease in the various species at various locations but also the period in which chick-edema active compounds were released. Anecdotal evidence suggested that serious egg mortality in Lake Ontario herring gulls first occurred in 1966, through the signs of chick-edema disease were not looked for until 1974. Only indirect evidence is available on the date of the release of one of the presumed causal agents, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, but highest levels may have occurred in the early to mid 1960s. More reliable data show that the onset of the improvement of reproduction of Lake Ontario herring gulls coincided with the declines in organochlorine compounds and particularly 2,3,7,8-TCDD and PCB. Similarly, information on the onset of the disease and exposures in the Forster's tern and double-crested cormorants in Green Bay is uncertain but bird banders did not observe deformities until the 1970s, which corresponds with the onset of high levels of PCB. If the disappearance of the Caspian tern from Saginaw Bay in the mid 1960s corresponds with the onset of GLEMEDS at that location, then there is a close temporal relationship to the onset of high PCB levels. Chick-edema disease is difficult to diagnose because there is no specific lesion, but rather there is a suite of lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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“…2-CN was selected as the IS compound because it can be desorbed efficiently from Tenax-TA. The PCBs used were selected because of their prevalence in PCB mixtures [29] and/or their toxicities (e.g., [30]). PBBs were included due to their general environmental interest [31], and also to permit the investigation of their desorption properties and therefore their utilities as IS compounds for SRTD-based, PCB analytical work.…”

Section: Standard Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent removal/thermal desorption (SRTD) for extract concentration and capillary column injection

Hart¹,

Pankow²

1987

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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SummaryMany solvent extracts must be concentrated prior to analysis. Both Kuderna-Danish (K-D) concentration and inert gas blowdown are commonly used. Significant losses often occur with the latter. Solvent removaVthermal desorption (SRTD) on a precolumn was investigated here as an alternative or supplement to these methods. The compounds studied included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs).SRTD wascarriedout by injecting 100pLofextractintoa cartridge-type precolumn, selectively volatilizing the solvent with a stream of carrier gas, then thermally desorbing the analytes to a fused silica capillary gas chromatography (GC) column. The mean total recoveries and mean standard errors obtained were 109 and t 12%, respectively. SRTD was found to give sharper peaks than were obtainable with on-column injection. Method detection limits accessible for PCBs by capillary GC with electron impact mass spectrometry with the assistance of SRTD were estimated. Overall, SRTD was found to be an effective, rapid, high recovery concentration method for solvent extracts.

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Quantitative characterization of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (aroclors® 1248, 1254 and 1260) by gas chromatograpy using capillary columns

Cited by 147 publications

References 13 publications

Occurrence of PCBs in raw and finished drinking water at seven public water systems along the Hudson River

Occurrence of PCBs in raw and finished drinking water at seven public water systems along the Hudson River

Great lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS) in colonial fish‐eating birds: Similarity to chick‐edema disease

Solvent removal/thermal desorption (SRTD) for extract concentration and capillary column injection

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