Abstract:Animal bones have been used to produce carbon char for quality assessment of activated carbon over non activated carbon (used as sample control) as influenced by method of activations (acid and heat). In this study samples analyzed were carbonized in a closed crucible at 400°C and ground into powder after cooling. 200g of each of the crushed samples was activated using 250ml of 2 M Hydrochloric acid for one hour at 80°C and another 200g was activated by thermal method at 120°C for 3 hours. To obtain the optimu… Show more
“…On average, a bulk density of 0.46 g/cm 3 was obtained. This value was found in the acceptable range of the carbonaceous materials of 0.35 to 1.2 g/m 3 as reported by many studies (Sunday et al 2018). Normally, high bulk density is considered to be a good quality of the adsorbent materials.…”
Section: Characterization Of Activated Carbonsupporting
Background: Nowadays freshwater quality deterioration and quantity depletion are rapidly increasing across the globe. Especially fluoride polluted groundwater is causing a severe shortage of water supply and public health problem. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the performance of activated carbon produced from the Catha edulis stem for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. A C. edulis stem sample was collected from dumping sites of Addis Ababa City and its activation and carbonation processes were performed using H 2 SO 4 and a high temperature of 600 °C. The experimental study was designed to use a full factorial approach with a 3 3 which were the three factors with the three levels, namely pH (2, 7 and 9), contact times (60, 90 and 120 min) and adsorbent doses (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.5 g in 100 mL) at the initial fluoride concentration 30 mg/L which resulted in 81 experimental runs in triplicates. Results: The calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 18 mg/g was found under the Langmuir isotherm, whereas the Freundlich model (R 2 0.98) better fitted the experimental data, which indicated that the adsorption process was multilayer and cooperative. The maximum fluoride removal of 73% was observed at the optimum condition of adsorbent dose of 1.5 g in 100 mL contact time of 60 min and pH 2, whereas the predicted value of the fluoride removal of 69% was calculated under the same experimental condition. Fluoride removal was positive and strongly influenced by the adsorbent dose, whereas the adsorption pH was negatively and weakly impacted on removal. Conclusions: Generally, the performance of activated carbon for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution is promising. The study also indicated that C. edulis activated carbon is a potential candidate for water treatment technology.
“…On average, a bulk density of 0.46 g/cm 3 was obtained. This value was found in the acceptable range of the carbonaceous materials of 0.35 to 1.2 g/m 3 as reported by many studies (Sunday et al 2018). Normally, high bulk density is considered to be a good quality of the adsorbent materials.…”
Section: Characterization Of Activated Carbonsupporting
Background: Nowadays freshwater quality deterioration and quantity depletion are rapidly increasing across the globe. Especially fluoride polluted groundwater is causing a severe shortage of water supply and public health problem. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the performance of activated carbon produced from the Catha edulis stem for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. A C. edulis stem sample was collected from dumping sites of Addis Ababa City and its activation and carbonation processes were performed using H 2 SO 4 and a high temperature of 600 °C. The experimental study was designed to use a full factorial approach with a 3 3 which were the three factors with the three levels, namely pH (2, 7 and 9), contact times (60, 90 and 120 min) and adsorbent doses (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.5 g in 100 mL) at the initial fluoride concentration 30 mg/L which resulted in 81 experimental runs in triplicates. Results: The calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 18 mg/g was found under the Langmuir isotherm, whereas the Freundlich model (R 2 0.98) better fitted the experimental data, which indicated that the adsorption process was multilayer and cooperative. The maximum fluoride removal of 73% was observed at the optimum condition of adsorbent dose of 1.5 g in 100 mL contact time of 60 min and pH 2, whereas the predicted value of the fluoride removal of 69% was calculated under the same experimental condition. Fluoride removal was positive and strongly influenced by the adsorbent dose, whereas the adsorption pH was negatively and weakly impacted on removal. Conclusions: Generally, the performance of activated carbon for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution is promising. The study also indicated that C. edulis activated carbon is a potential candidate for water treatment technology.
“…Adsorbent removal efficiency increases with increased in adsorbent dosage. This is as a result of increased availability of exchangeable sites for the adsorbate [39]. percentage adsorption occurred linearly with increasing temperature.…”
Section: Figure 5 Effect Of Biosorbent Dosage On % Biosorption Of Chmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…The variation of the dosage of the adsorbent mixture as represented in figure 5, showed that, mass increase of the adsorbent dosage causes linear increase of the percentage Biosorption. High mass of the adsorbents would adsorbent higher adsorbate on to their active pore surfaces because of their increased surface area [39]. Maximum adsorption was observed to be 90.30% at 3.00g mass of the adsorbent.…”
Section: Figure 5 Effect Of Biosorbent Dosage On % Biosorption Of Chmentioning
As a low cost adsorbent source, a mixture of activated animal bones has been investigated on their efficiency in chromium ion removal from aqueous solution. Adsorption parameters such as contact time, biosorbent size, pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature and concentrations were investigated. Maximum adsorption of hexavalent chromium occurred at 35minutes, 53µm size of adsorbent, pH = 6, 70mg/L of chromium ion, 3g of adsorbent dosage and 303K. The experimental data from the adsorption processes were all tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Both isotherms showed good correlations. The higher value of R 2 = 0.9938 from Freundlich isotherm over the R 2 = 0.99 value of Langmuir isotherm showed a better fitness of the adsorption process to Freundlich isotherm over Langmuir model. It can be concluded that any activated carbon from the bones of Cow, Donkey, Chicken and Horse are effective and can be used in industries for removal of hexavalent chromium.
“…In conjunction with SEM, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis technique was used to perform the elemental analysis and chemical characterization of the material. EDX utilizes an electron beam that strikes the surface of a conducting sample (placed under SEM) to determine its elemental content [28].…”
The research on clean water production is of critical importance worldwide. Excess fluoride pollutant has direct correlation with bones deformation. Bio-filters are of multilateral advantages. This study is focused on the physical treatment to prepare lowcost biochar adsorbents made from cow bone. The produced bio-filter was tested for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions containing control amounts of fluoride. The bone sample was calcined at 400 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and ionic chromatography were performed to characterize the filtration performance of the charcoal adsorbent. The adsorption effectiveness of fluoride was estimated at 94%. The proposed charcoal bio-filter is economically and environmental advantageous, given its lack of energy consumption. It also provides health benefits. Furthermore, the overall performance of this bio-filter could be enhanced in the future by using nanocomposites.
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