Quantitative Characterization and Representation of Global Microstructural Geometry

Abstract

The objective of quantitative metallography/stereology is to describe the geometric characteristics of the features. This article discusses the geometric attributes of microstructural features that can be divided into: the numerical extents and the number density of microstructural features; derived microstructural properties; feature specific size, shape, and orientation distributions; and descriptors of microstructural spatial clustering and correlations. It emphasizes on the practical aspects of the measurement techniques and applications. The article also provides information on the quantitative metallographic methods for estimation of volume fraction, total surface area per unit volume, and total length of per unit volume.

Effect of nickel and vanadium on iron bearing intermetallic phases in AA 5657 simulated DC castings

“…All of the phase particles appearing in the optical images were then individually identified with EDS and EBSD analyses. After determining the type of all of these Fe bearing particles, the volume fraction of each type V V is determined using equation (1) 22 where < A A > is the population average value of the area fraction A A of the type of Fe bearing intermetallic particles in the six measured optical images. The area fraction of each type of Fe bearing particles was measured using the CLEMEX image analysing system.…”

Fluidity Evolution of an Al-10%B₄C Metal Matrix Composite

“…Here, the surface area (S v ) is the total surface area of particles per unit volume of composites. The S v can be determined by the equation 4 [11] as below:…”

“…Where, L A is the population average value of the total boundary length per unit area [11]. Figure 5 shows the fraction of reaction products, AlB 2 and AlBC phase respectively, and the total fraction of the phases (AlB 2 plus AlBC phase) in the function of holding time.…”

Procedures for preparing metallic specimens for submission to optical microscopy

“…Metallography relates the intrinsic structure of the material to its physical properties, processing steps, manufacturing to which they were subjected, and ultimately, the efficiency of their performance (ROHDE, 2010). In this sense, this examination makes it possible to reveal in a two-dimensional plane of intersection of the material's geometry, the constituents of microstructure, grain size, distribution of present phases and other characteristics that cannot be observed with the naked eye (GOKHALE, 2018;WARREN et al, 2016). Thus, optical and electronic microscopes appear as instruments used to enlarge the surfaces to be observed with the possibility of resolutions in the range of 10 -3 to 10 -7 m (CALLISTER; RETHVISCH, 2016).…”