Quantitative bidimentional and Doppler ultrasound assessment of the effect of a GnRH antagonist on canine prostatic hyperplasia

D'Francisco, Florencia; Merlo, M. Lopez; Lapuente, Camila; Blasco, A.; Gobello, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.12.018

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The reduction in prostatic size and blood supply can be seen earlier in the present study, already 21 days after treatment, as OSA acts directly on testosterone, preventing its conversion into DHT, while deslorelin acts by determining a downregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis [ 15 ]. Another recent paper by D’Francisco et al [ 46 ] highlighted, using Doppler US, a reduction in blood flow anomalies and an increase in the arterial resistivity index in patients with BPH 30 days after an experimental treatment with acyline, a third-generation GnRH antagonist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have been published investigating prostatic vascularization in dogs suffering from BPH [ 18 , 44 ] and its variation following therapy [ 15 , 45 , 46 ], to the authors’ knowledge, a CEUS evaluation has never been described in animals undergoing treatment with OSA. This manuscript aims to describe the preliminary findings obtained with the CEUS technique, using a hexafluoride-based contrast agent, in patients affected by BPH before and after treatment with osaterone acetate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Evaluation of Canine Prostatic Hyperplasia before and after Osaterone Acetate Therapy: Preliminary Results

Pettina,

Bucci,

Mazzetti

et al. 2024

Animals

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The prostate is the only sexual gland of the male dog, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) regulates its growth. In intact dogs, constant DHT stimulation results in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that can be treated with osaterone acetate (OSA). This study describes the effects of OSA treatment, detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), highlighting prostatic vascularization with a contrast agent composed of gas microbubbles. Fifteen dogs (2–8 years) of different sizes and breeds (4–30 kg) diagnosed with BPH are involved in the study. Before treatment (D0), CPSE is measured (294.05 ± 115.97 ng/mL), and a B-mode ultrasound is performed (Vratio = 2.80 ± 1.85), confirming BPH. CEUS highlights the length of the wash-in (11.93 ± 2.08 s) and wash-out (42.20 ± 6.99 s) phases of the contrast agent in the prostate and the presence of cysts and parenchymal alteration. Dogs are treated with OSA (0.5 mg/kg for 7 days) and reassessed after 21 days (D1): CPSE and prostate volume are significantly (p < 0.001) reduced. The length of the wash-in (14.73 ± 2.54 s) and wash-out (51.13 ± 6.03 s) phases are significantly (p < 0.001) increased. The results confirm the effectiveness of the treatment, particularly the reduction in prostatic perfusion, confirmed by the increase in diffusion times of the contrast. Although preliminary, these findings are promising for the use of CEUS in monitoring dogs with BPH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Evaluation of Canine Prostatic Hyperplasia before and after Osaterone Acetate Therapy: Preliminary Results

Pettina,

Bucci,

Mazzetti

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…When a long-acting GnRH-agonist was used in dogs, Acyline successfully prevented a flare-up. In addition, the prostate volume was decreased by 38% after 30 days, echogenicity and heterogeneity were decreased, and the resistency-index (Doppler sonography) was normal again [89]. Monthly injections are required, rendering this medicament for short-term and exceptional use only.…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of the Canine Prostate Gland

Schäfer-Somi¹

2023

Recent Advances in Canine Medicine

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In dogs, the most frequent diseases of the prostate gland are benign prostate gland hyperplasia (BPH), acute and chronic prostatitis, squamous metaplasia, and prostate tumors. New diagnostic tools comprise diagnostic markers in the blood and urine, as well as advanced imaging methods. The therapy can be initialized with the 5α-reductase-inhibitor finasteride or an anti-androgenic compound, and prolonged with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH)-agonist such as deslorelin. In case of prostatitis, effective antibiotics must be applied for weeks. Antibiotics must be able to penetrate into the prostate tissue; fluoroquinolones, clindamycin, and erythromycin are good choices and are in addition effective against mycoplasms. The chronical prostatitis cannot be differentiated from a neoplasia by sonography; a biopsy, histological, and bacteriological examination are required. Tumors of the prostate gland are seldom and mostly occur in castrated but in intact dogs. For the final diagnosis, a biopsy must be taken. Partial and total resection of the prostate gland by use of laser technique is possible but coincedes with many side effects and the prognosis is still futile. Immunotherapy combined with NSAIDs, targeted noninvasive thermotherapy, BRAF gene inhibitors, or prostate artery chemoembolization are promising methods.

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“…In CPVE, protein loosing enteropathy attributes to pronounced hypoalbuminemia (<2 g/dL) and/or hypoproteinemia (<4 g/dL) resulting in peripheral edema, pleural or abdominal effusions [88]. In that case, provision of oncotic support in the form of either natural or synthetic colloids are very important to minimize the morbidity and mortality of patients [89]. For correction of hypoalbuminemia, fresh plasma (20 mL/kg) or fresh-frozen plasma (6.6-11 mL/kg IV or 3 doses administered intraperitoneally 12 hours apart) and canine-specific albumin concentrate are used [90].…”

Section: Management Of Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance And Oncotic Su...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Canine Medicine

2023

Veterinary Medicine and Science

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Aims and Scope of the SeriesParalleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades. These advances have helped foster better support for animal health, more humane animal production, and a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging Human, Animal, and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative "One Health" concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle various animal-related medicine and sciences fields, providing thematic volumes consisting of high-quality significant research directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics, and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.

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Quantitative bidimentional and Doppler ultrasound assessment of the effect of a GnRH antagonist on canine prostatic hyperplasia

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Evaluation of Canine Prostatic Hyperplasia before and after Osaterone Acetate Therapy: Preliminary Results

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) Evaluation of Canine Prostatic Hyperplasia before and after Osaterone Acetate Therapy: Preliminary Results

Diseases of the Canine Prostate Gland

Recent Advances in Canine Medicine

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