Quantitative Bacteriology of the Vaginal Flora in Genital Disease

Wilks, Mark; Thin, R N; Tabaqchali, Soad

doi:10.1099/00222615-18-2-217

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, these organisms did not appear to persist and they were rarely isolated from more than one sample per patient. The prevalence and concentration of organisms observed in this study is similar to that obtained in an earlier study based on single samples from 102 women (Wilks et al, 1984). The apparent simplicity of the flora compared to that of the gastro-intestinal tract may be more apparent than real.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora during the menstrual cycle

Wilks

Tabaqchali²

1987

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary. The vaginal bacteriology of 10 healthy asymptomatic women was assessed during the menstrual cycle. Samples were taken from the posterior vaginal fornix for quantitative analysis. There were no significant alterations in the total vaginal flora at different stages of the menstrual cycle. The mean number of species isolated per specimen declined from 4.6 in week 1 to 2-9 in week 4. This decline was not caused by a decrease in the occurrence or concentration of any one organism or group of organisms. The vaginal pH decreased from a mean of 6.6 in week 1 to 4-3 in week 4, this increased acidity could not be attributed to the action of lactobacilli as their total incidence or concentration did not change during the menstrual cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora during the menstrual cycle

Wilks

Tabaqchali²

1987

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Since Doderlein's description in 1892, the presence of lactobacilli in vaginal secretions has been associated with a normal status (3,17). It has been suggested that lactobacilli in the vagina have a protective role, preventing the development of bacterial vaginosis and the transmission of pathogens responsible for sexually transmitted diseases (9,16,21,26). In 1921, Schroder, in stressing the protective role of lactobacilli, described three vaginal flora patterns in relation to lactobacillus presence and pathogenicity, viz., (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar information in relation to VVC is surprisingly lacking. There also is a lack of information on the role of vaginal flora associated with recurrent and chronic VVC, and few studies have addressed this issue (1,22,26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vaginal microbiology of women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

Sobel

Chaim

1996

J Clin Microbiol

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Alterations in the autochthonous vaginal microflora can predispose women to recurring attacks of Candida vaginitis. Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained from 24 premenopausal women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and from 21 healthy asymptomatic premenopausal women. Lactobacillus species constituted the predominant flora in both groups, with a mean log10 CFU/ml of 8.7, a total isolation rate of 96%, and a mean of 1.6 Lactobacillus species isolated per patient compared with a mean log10 CFU/ml of 8.9, a total isolation rate of 90%, and a mean of 1.2 Lactobacillus species isolated per patient in the vaginitis and control groups, respectively. The results of this small study failed to provide evidence of an altered or abnormal vaginal bacterial flora in women with non-antibiotic-induced recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis suffering from acute Candida vaginitis.

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“…Specifically, L. crispatus and L. jensenii [12], [13] are consistently either at low titer or absent in women with BV but L. iners is only partially reduced in titer [14]. In BV, lactobacilli are displaced by a variety of anaerobic species, inconsistently including Gardnerella vaginalis , Prevotella spp., Mobiluncus spp., Atopobium vaginae, as well as other anaerobic organisms, including BV-associated bacterium (BVAB) −1, −2, and −3 [15]–[18]. The etiology of BV remains unknown, hence cure rates remain unsatisfactory and recurrence rates are extremely high [19]–[21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Analysis of Vaginal Microbiome Dynamics in Women with Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis: Recognition of the Conversion Process

et al. 2013

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects ∼30% of women of reproductive age, has a high rate of recurrence, and is associated with miscarriage, preterm birth, and increased risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV-1. Little is known of the daily changes in the vaginal bacterial composition as it progresses from treatment to recurrence, or whether any of these might be useful in its prediction or an understanding of its causes. We used phylogenetic branch-inclusive quantitative PCR (PB-qPCR) and Lactobacillus blocked/unblocked qPCR (Lb-qPCR) to characterize longitudinal changes in the vaginal microbiota in sequential vaginal self-swabs from five women with recurrent BV, from diagnosis through remission to recurrence. Both patients with acute BV samples dominated by G. vaginalis recurred during the study with similar profiles, whereas the three patients with acute BV samples dominated by other anaerobes did not recur or recurred to an intermediate Nugent score. L. iners dominated remission phases, with intermittent days of abnormal microbial profiles typically associated with menses. The exception was a newly discovered phenomenon, a sustained period of abnormal profiles, termed conversion, which preceded symptomatic acute BV. Species known to have antagonistic activity towards Lactobacillus were detected in pre-conversion samples, possibly contributing to the decline in Lactobacillus. Lb-qPCR scores define two categories of response in the initial post-treatment visit samples; scores <5 may correspond with poor response to treatment or rapid recurrence, whereas scores >8 may predict delayed or no recurrence. Amsel criteria or Nugent scores did not have this potential predictive capability. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate the prognostic potential of detecting conversion and poor Lb-qPCR scores at the post-treatment visit of recurrent BV patients.

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Quantitative Bacteriology of the Vaginal Flora in Genital Disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora during the menstrual cycle

Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora during the menstrual cycle

Vaginal microbiology of women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

Longitudinal Analysis of Vaginal Microbiome Dynamics in Women with Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis: Recognition of the Conversion Process

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