Quantitative assessment of wheat quality using near‐infrared spectroscopy: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most widely cultivated crops throughout the world. A great need exists for wheat quality assessment for breeding, processing, and products production purposes. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid, low‐cost, simple, and nondestructive assessment method. Many advanced studies associated with NIRS for wheat quality assessment have been published recently, either introducing new chemometrics or attempting new assessment parameters to improve model robustness and accuracy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of NIRS methodology including its principle, spectra pretreatments, spectral wavelength selection, outlier disposal, dataset division, regression methods, and model evaluation. More importantly, the applications of NIRS in the determination of analytical parameters, rheological parameters, and end product quality of wheat are summarized. Although NIRS showed great potential in the quantitative determination of analytical parameters, there are still challenges in model robustness and accuracy in determining rheological parameters and end product quality for wheat products. Future model development needs to incorporate larger databases, integrate different spectroscopic techniques, and introduce cutting‐edge chemometrics methods. In addition, calibration based on external factors should be considered to improve the predicted results of the model. The NIRS application in micronutrients needs to be extended. Last, the idea of combining standard product sensory attributes and spectra for model development deserves further study.

Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for the nondestructive analysis of wheat flour: A review

“…The applications of NIR spectroscopy in the quality and safety evaluation of tea products ( Lin and Sun, 2020 ), grain ( Caporaso et al, 2018 ), fruits and vegetables ( Nicolai et al, 2007 ), oilseeds and edible oils ( Li et al, 2020 ) have been reviewed. Although reviews on wheat-based products ( Badaró et al, 2022 ) and wheat flour ( Du et al, 2022 ) were recently reported, respectively, the safety analysis of wheat flour was not fully illustrated. Therefore, this review first summarizes the basic knowledge of NIR spectroscopy.…”

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“…Spectral modeling techniques such as ultraviolet−visible (UV− vis) or near-infrared (NIR) spectra play an increasingly important role in the analysis of physical and chemical properties in agriculture, 1 industry, 2 environmental monitoring, 3 and food. 4 Generally, any materials or productions with different kinds of quantitative and qualitative components will generate specific spectral data, which contributes to the principle of composition measurement. However, just obtaining spectral data is still far from the mark of accurately predicting component composition because the original spectra signals inevitably involve serious background matrix effect due to sensor hardware design and measurement environment influence.…”

“…Spectral modeling techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) or near-infrared (NIR) spectra play an increasingly important role in the analysis of physical and chemical properties in agriculture, industry, environmental monitoring, and food . Generally, any materials or productions with different kinds of quantitative and qualitative components will generate specific spectral data, which contributes to the principle of composition measurement.…”