Quantitative assessment of water resources by the method of the hydrological balance in the Kadey catchment area (East-Cameroon)

Wetlands have been degrading and disappearing due to several anthropogenic impacts, such as pollution by discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, land conversion, etc. The assessment and forecast of hydrological processes in wetlands, namely inflows and outflows, is essential for developing and implementing plans aimed at managing and protecting wetlands areas. We estimated the water budget of a Ramsar site, La Tembladera wetland, for a two-year period (2018-2019) by using the water balance method. The evapotranspiration was calculated using the Thornthwaite method and the runoff was estimated using the Curve Number method. The proposed water balance model showed that the major inflows to the wetland were the San Agustín and Bellavista canals, and Estero Pinto, about 92.9% (2018) and 90.5% (2019) of the total inflows. The runoff and wastewater flows represented the minor inflows. The runoff was 0.003% in 2018 and 0.004% in 2019, whereas the wastewater volume accounted for 0.05% of all inflows in both years. The actual evapotranspiration was the major outflow in both years, being 67.1% (2018) and 73.6% (2019) of the total outflows. On the other hand, the irrigation canal was the minor outflow, 32.9% in 2018 and 26.4% in 2019. Therefore, La Tembladera wetland hydrology is mostly linked to the canals system and climate conditions, precipitation and actual evapotranspiration. Our findings could be the basis for further research and developing plans in order to rationally manage and protect this wetland of international importance.

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“…The infiltration was determined considering precipitation (P), actual evapotranspiration (AET) and runoff (R) [22]:…”

Section: Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water budget of a Ramsar site in Ecuador

Ordonez

Lagos²,

Харламова³

et al. 2022

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Èkol. bezop. žiznedeât.

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Spatio-temporal assessing rainfall and dam impacts on surface runoff in the Sanaga river basin (transition tropical zone in central part of Cameroon)

Kpoumié

Ngouh

Mfonka

et al. 2022

Sustain. Water Resour. Manag.

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Multivariate Statistical and Hydrochemical Analysis of Drinking Water Resources in Northern Cameroon Watersheds

Djimi

Abia

Belibi

et al. 2021

Water

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Watershed pollution by natural and anthropogenic activities remains a global challenge that requires careful and prompt attention. So, identifying possible pollution sources and studying the hydrochemistry of water resources would positively affect human health, especially in resource-limited communities and their economy. Water samples were collected during the rainy season in the North (R-NO) and Adamawa (R-AD) Region communities of Cameroon and assessed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. The data were analysed using multivariate statistical and hydrochemical methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) retained seven and six principal components explaining 77.65% (R-NO) and 72.24% (R-AD) of the total variance, respectively. The drinking water sources assessed were highly, moderately, and lightly contaminated with turbidity, PO43−, Al3+, Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, and electrical conductivity (EC) from surface runoff and soil erosion sources. PCA and factor analysis (PCA/FA) revealed two main groups, distinguished by natural and anthropogenic sources, responsible for water quality variations. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) grouped sampling sites into three clusters: low, moderate, and high pollution areas in the R-NO and unpolluted, low, and moderate pollution areas in the R-AD. The order of dominant cations was Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− for anions. Based on Piper diagram classification, watersheds studied were predominated by the Mg-Ca-HCO3 water type in 85% (R-NO) and 79% (R-AD) of water samples. The chemical composition of shallow and deep water was dominantly controlled by the dissolution of silicates and carbonate, reverse ion exchange, and precipitation of calcite. These results reveal that diffuse pollution predominantly impacted the study sites during the rainy season, and this should be the focus of policymakers when planning and implementing measures to protect drinking water sources, human health, and reduce water treatment costs.

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Quantitative assessment of water resources by the method of the hydrological balance in the Kadey catchment area (East-Cameroon)

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Water budget of a Ramsar site in Ecuador

Water budget of a Ramsar site in Ecuador

Spatio-temporal assessing rainfall and dam impacts on surface runoff in the Sanaga river basin (transition tropical zone in central part of Cameroon)

Multivariate Statistical and Hydrochemical Analysis of Drinking Water Resources in Northern Cameroon Watersheds

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