Quantitative assessment of velocities of the annulus of the left atrioventricular valve and left ventricular free wall in healthy cats by use of two-dimensional color tissue Doppler imaging

Abstract

LVFW velocities in healthy cats decrease from the endocardium to the epicardium and from the base to apex, thus defining radial and longitudinal MVG. These indices could complement conventional analysis of left ventricular function and contribute to the early accurate detection of cardiomyopathy in cats.

Prospective Echocardiographic and Tissue Doppler Imaging Screening of a Population of Maine Coon Cats Tested for the A31P Mutation in the Myosin‐Binding Protein C Gene: A Specific Analysis of the Heterozygous Status

“…23 The diameters of the aorta (Ao) and left atrium (LA) were measured by a 2D method, involving a short-axis right-sided parasternal view obtained at the level of the aortic valve. 30 Pulsed-wave Doppler parameters included maximal systolic aortic and diastolic mitral flow velocities and the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (time interval between end of aortic flow velocity and onset of transmitral flow).…”

“…Based upon M-mode echocardiographic findings, all cats with HCM exhibited a concentric hypertrophic pattern, which was symmetric in 80% of cases (8/10) and asymmetric with predominant septal thickening in only 20% of cases. In addition, a subaortic localized septal hypertrophy was diagnosed in 4 HCM cats (1 Homo WT, 1 Hetero, and 2 Homo M) and 2 of them (Homo M) presented a dynamic outflow tract obstruction with a systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet and increased maximal systolic aortic flow velocities (2.32 and 4.96 m/s, reference range in Maine Coon cats 30 : 0.7-1.6 m/s). Lastly, the age of Hetero cats with normal conventional echocardiography (34/38, 89%) ranged from 0.3 to 11.5 years, with 29% of animals 44 years (10/34, age range: 4.1-11.5 years).…”

Echocardiographic evaluation including tissue Doppler imaging in New Zealand white rabbits sedated with ketamine and midazolam

“…Parameters obtained with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) have been shown to be more independent of pre-and after-load than classic haemodynamic Doppler measurements and can be used to quantify regional myocardial function accurately and more objectively (Sohn et al, 1997;Firstenberg et al, 2001;Nagueh et al, 2001). Pulsed TDI of the mitral annulus and myocardial wall has been suggested as a means to assess systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function in human and veterinary medicine (Oki et al, 1999;Chetboul et al, 2005;Teshima et al, 2005;Chetboul et al, 2006;O'Sullivan et al, 2007). The Tei index, a new parameter to assess myocardial performance, has been proposed for the assessment of global cardiac performance (systolic and diastolic function) in a wide variety of congenital and acquired cardiac abnormalities (Dujardin et al, 1998;Bruch et al, 2002;Haque et al, 2002;Harjai et al, 2002;Gaibazzi et al, 2005;Dyer et al, 2006).…”

Myocardial Tissue Doppler, Derived Techniques, and Speckle Tracking Imaging

“…The effects of breed, sex, body weight, and age were studied using a general linear model and are presented with the corresponding p value, when the result is statistically significant. Note: Unpublished data, established with a GE Vivid 5. into one negative EA wave of larger amplitude than that of the E wave, because of their elevated heart rates ( Figure 4-12) [23,24]. This is a limitation for the TDI technique in analyzing diastolic function in feline species.…”