Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Japan

Berkel, René Van; Fujita, Tsuyoshi; Hashimoto, Shizuka; Fujii, Minoru

doi:10.1021/es803319r

Cited by 184 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Material losses, degradation and/or contamination in remanufacturing and reprocessing are thermodynamically inevitable and also occur in the associated logistics, so that r 1 p < f 1 q and r 2 (1−r 1 )p < f 2 q. The relatively high population density in urban areas makes the logistics of collection easier and therefore supports the development of a circular economy (see, for example van Berkel et al 2009;Kennedy et al 2011). The main losses and degradation usually occur in reprocessing.…”

Section: Remanufacturing and Reprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocks and Flows in the Performance Economy

Stahel¹,

Clift

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

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The performance economy is a concept which goes beyond most interpretations of a "circular economy": the focus is on the maintenance and exploitation of stock (mainly manufactured capital) rather than linear or circular flows of materials or energy. The performance economy represents a full shift to servicisation, with revenue obtained from providing services rather than selling goods. While the form of industrial economy which has dominated the industrialised countries since the industrial revolution is arguably appropriate to overcome scarcities in a developing economy, the performance model is applicable in economies close to saturation, when the quantities of new goods entering use are similar to the quantities of goods being scrapped at the end of life.Key elements of the performance economy are re-use and re-manufacturing, to maintain the quality of stock and extend its service life by reducing material intensity, i.e. the material flow required to create and maintain the stock. Because material flows represent costs which reduce the revenue from service provision, business models inherent in the performance economy support the macro-level objective of extending service life and thereby minimising material intensity. Product life in the performance economy is limited by technological improvements in the efficiency of manufactured capital rather than by damage, wear or fashion.Re-use and re-manufacturing tend to be more labour-intensive and less capitalintensive than virgin material production or primary manufacturing. This enables re-use and remanufacturing to be economically viable at smaller scales. It also enables these activities to substitute labour for energy, reversing the trend which has characterised industrial economies and offering ways to alleviate current environmental, economic and global challenges; i.e. to make the economy more sustainable. However, there are significant barriers to adoption of the performance economy model, partly because economic and business models generally focus on flows (GDP or added value) rather than prioritising the quality, value and use of stock. Promoting the performance model may require a complete re-think of public policy, W.R. Stahel (*) The Product-Life Institute, Geneva, Switzerland e-mail: wrstahel2014@gmail.com R. Clift Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK e-mail: r.clift@surrey.ac.uk 138 away from subsiding to taxing use of non-renewable resources and away from taxing the use of renewable resources, of which labour is possibly the most important. Recent analyses of the social costs of unemployment and potential social benefits of a more resource efficient performance economy provide some of the evidence supporting a shift from flow to stock management.

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Section: Remanufacturing and Reprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocks and Flows in the Performance Economy

Stahel¹,

Clift

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

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“…Industrial ecology concerns the flows of materials and energy that comprise the industrial ecosystem, and the scientific, technical, economic, political, social, and cultural issues related to those flows [30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Urban External Service Function Development for Building the International Megalopolis in the Pearl River Delta, China

2015

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Abstract:This study is about the urban economic service function characteristics and the regional economic contact from the perspectives of region and industries. This paper analyzes the location quotient (LQ), urban external function capability (UEFC), and the characteristics and distribution of urban economic flow intensity (UEFI) of cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of Guangdong Province, China. Results show: (1) the proportion of the UEFI of Guangzhou and Shenzhen in the PRD region decreased while the one of Foshan and Dongguan increased from 2005 to 2013; (2) the UEFI of Foshan gained the largest increase (532%) and Zhuhai showed the smallest increase (76%) from 2005 to 2013; (3) LQs of manufacturing in all cities were greater than one, indicating the overall external service capability of this sector was strong in the PRD region; (4) the numbers of cities whose LQs of tertiary sectors were greater than one reduced from 2005 to 2013, reflecting the urban external service capabilities of the tertiary sectors tended to be concentrated to fewer cities.

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“…Commonly, industrial symbiosis "engages traditionally separate business in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water and/or by-products. The keys to IS (industrial symbiosis) are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographical proximity" (Van Berkel et al 2008:1271.…”

Section: Olof Foss Argues "(T)he Concept Applies In Two Ways; I) a Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial Keys for Bringing Closer the Territorial Agenda of the EU and Europe 2020

Zaucha

Komornicki

Böhme³

et al. 2012

European Planning Studies

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Abstract:The European Union is currently experiencing a period of significant upheaval.The financial crisis, structural changes in the economy and population decline in many regions combine to make a difficult situation even worse in respect of SGI. To mitigate these problems EU policy on economic, social and territorial cohesion aims to remove regional differences and to otherwise affect policies to ensure the right to the same service status regardless of localisation. This paper aims to discuss what a minimum level of SGI means to individuals and enterprises. The key EU policy documents offer no guidance in terms of defining what a minimum level of SGI is, for either individuals or enterprises. It is up to the Member States to define the thresholds; national policies, traditions and moral values thereby creating a vague and heterogeneous notion of what constitutes a minimum level of SGI provision.

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Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Japan

Cited by 184 publications

References 34 publications

Stocks and Flows in the Performance Economy

Stocks and Flows in the Performance Economy

Sustainable Urban External Service Function Development for Building the International Megalopolis in the Pearl River Delta, China

Territorial Keys for Bringing Closer the Territorial Agenda of the EU and Europe 2020

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