Quantitative assessment of lactate and progerin production in normal human cutaneous cells during normal ageing: effect of an Alaria esculenta extract

Abstract

Anti-ageing products are of a great importance in cosmetic fields. However, even if numerous strategies have been proposed to fight against skin ageing or to minimize its aesthetic impact since the beginning of the 'scientific cosmetology' era, the products basing their efficacy on the observation of pathological situations are rare. The most obvious pathology linked to the ageing of skin (notably) consists in the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a rare disorder characterized by accelerated ageing and early death. In this disease the lamin A, a protein participating (with others lamins) in the formation of the nuclear lamina and implicated in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression, is present in a truncated version called progerin. In this study, we have examined the lactate and the progerin production of human normal cutaneous cells issued from subjects of different ages. Using a sensitive and specific progerin ELISA assay developed in house, we so provide the first quantitative demonstration of an increased progerin expression and lactate production in skin during ageing. Moreover, we have also demonstrated that in the selected experimental conditions, it was possible to down-regulate the progerin production of aged cells by using an algae extract. As this extract, an Alaria esculenta extract, could be used in cosmetic formulations, we suggest that a better understanding of the skin pathologies could be a useful tool in developing efficient active compounds, attractive for but not limited to cosmetic purposes.

Seaweeds as Source of Bioactive Substances and Skin Care Therapy—Cosmeceuticals, Algotheraphy, and Thalassotherapy

“…Alaria esculenta Extract Skin anti-ageing [45] Ascophyllum nodosum Sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) Antioxidant, anticellulite, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antiphotoaging agents, elastase, tyrosinase inhibitors [46,47] A. nodosum Acid hydrolyzed fucoidan Protective effects of elastin degradation by downregulating elastase activity; in vitro stimulation of dermal fibroblast proliferation; in vivo inhibition of gelatinase A secretion and interleukin-1β in dermal fibroblast cells. [48] A. nodosum Phlorotannins: eckols, fucols, fucophlorethols, fuhalols, phlorethols Tyrosinase and hyaluronidase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antiaging, antiphotoaging, antiallergic, chelating agents, UV screens, histamine [17,19,29,49] A. nodosum Extract Skin moisturization and protection [22,23] A. nodosum Extract Anti-free-radical, tyrosinase inhibiting 4 [51] A. nodosum Extract Skin conditioning regenerating and sebum regulating agent 5…”

“…">Bioactive Compounds Used in CosmeceuticalsDue to the chemical diversity and unique properties, algae have been the subject of many studies and are widely used in the cosmetics industry (Table 1) . Algae contain different biochemical compounds including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, phenolic compounds, pigments, vitamins, and other bioactive substances [135], as well as macro and microelements [19,29,30,45]. Seaweeds produce both primary metabolites, which are directly involved in normal growth, development, or reproduction conditions to perform physiological functions, and secondary metabolites, which are performed under different stress conditions, such as UV radiation exposure, salinity, temperature changes, or environmental poisons.…”

High‐throughput, high‐content screening for novel pigmentation regulators using a keratinocyte/melanocyte co‐culture system

“…The process of melanosome transfer has been extensively studied , and the importance of a co‐culture system has been raised. In vitro co‐culture systems were used to validate melanin transfer and to observe the effects on the pigmentation . Moreover, tyrosinase, TRP‐1 and TRP‐2, which are key eumelanogenesis enzymes, are induced under co‐culture conditions containing keratinocytes and melanocytes .…”

Challenges and Opportunities in the Present Era of Marine Algal Applications

“…The marine algal extracts have recently received bouncy attention especially for their antimicrobial properties and in the treatment of the skin related issues (skin anti-aging, skin whitening and pigmentation reduction) [93]. Examples of such extracts from marine algae include Arthrospira (microalga) extract that prevents early skin aging by exerting a tightening effect [93]; Alaria esculenta (macroalga) extract that induces a significant decline in the amount of progerin that triggers cellular senescence in skin [134]; the macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and Turbinaria conoides that contain polysaccharides such as laminaran, fucoidan and alginate having antioxidative properties [135] as well as properties for skin care and cutaneous disorders either as nutritional supplements or for topical application. Porphyra umbilicalis also contains large amounts of Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) that can absorb UV light; therefore, it acts as sunscreen [136] in cosmetics.…”