Quantitative Assessment of Free Flap Viability with CEUS Using an Integrated Perfusion Software

Abstract

In conclusion, CEUS is a mobile and cost-effective opportunity to quantify tissue perfusion and can even be used almost without any restrictions in multi-morbid patients with renal and hepatic failure.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Musculoskeletal Applications: A World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Position Paper

“…For this purpose, detailed examination protocols should be used. This standard method of quantitatively analyzing TICs after UCA bolus injection has been applied in various MSK indications such as rheumatology (Schueller-Weidekamm et al 2007;Stramare et al 2012;Cai et al 2015), for assessment of skeletal muscle perfusion (Partovi et al 2016;Fischer et al 2017Fischer et al , 2018Klenze et al 2017), to assess the microperfusion within longbone non-unions (Fischer et al 2016b;Krammer et al 2018) and to quantify microperfusion of free flaps in reconstruction surgery (Geis et al 2015).…”

“…Distinct areas with disturbed microperfusion can be detected early with CEUS, independent of the composition of the free flap, so that the identification and characterization (e.g., the exact extent) of hematomas, seromas or partial flap necrosis become possible (Geis et al 2011(Geis et al , 2015(Geis et al , 2016.…”

Prediction of Flap Necrosis by Using Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Cases of Venous Occlusion in the Epigastric Flap Model of the Rat

“…A plethora of specialized imaging modalities have been described to assess the adequacy of skin paddle perfusion of local and free flaps, pre-, intra-, and postoperatively. 2 3 4 5 6 7 The use of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography can provide an early and accurate evaluation of flap perfusion. 8 9 ICG angiography is not restricted to vascular assessment but includes ICG lymphography to improve sentinel lymph node mapping and lymphovenous bypass surgery.…”