Quantitative assessment of cold atmospheric plasma anti‐cancer efficacy in triple‐negative breast cancers

Abstract

Cold atmospheric plasma has emerged as a novel oncotherapeutic approach that has undergone a fast growth in the past few years. However, there is no quantitative assessment of the factors influencing its anti-tumor efficacy and the mechanism driving its activity remains mysterious. Through the use of 18 orthogonal experiments followed by linear model construction, we identified four deterministic parameters, that is, "treatment time," "liquid surface area," "thickness of medium," and "number of cells," which play deterministic roles on the anti-tumor efficacy of plasma. We propose "Reactive Species Diffusion Model" and "Signal Transduction Model" to explain the mechanics determining the activity of plasma treated medium and its celldeath induction efficacy. We, in addition, proposed the use of deterministic parameters in defining plasma dose in the liquid form to more objectively reflect its multi-modality nature. Our study contributes in elucidating plasma activity and efficacy in a quantitative way, which guides other plasma related investigations and accelerates plasma clinical applications as a type of precision oncotherapy. K E Y W O R D S cold atmospheric plasma, plasma activated medium, quantitative modeling, triple-negative breast cancer Xiaoyu Xu and Xiaofeng Dai contributed equally to this study.

Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells with the Canady Cold Plasma Conversion System: Preliminary Results

“…Thus, direct comparison of the cell viability cannot be made between 3 lpm and 1 lpm despite the same power setting and treatment time due to different beam length, well size, medium volume, and cell number between the two conditions. This was also reported repeatedly by other researchers worldwide [33,34]. This study intends to focus on the introduction of the Canady Cold Plasma Conversion System and its efficacy on the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer for both flowrates.…”

The Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel Significantly Decreases Viability in Malignant Solid Tumor Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner

“…This is because the treatment conditions, including well size, beam length, media volume, and cell number, are different between these two assays, and Yan et al demonstrated that those conditions can alter the effect of CAP on cell viability [17,20]. Xu et al have suggested a formula to compare plasma dose among treatment conditions within one cell type and this may be necessary to compare future results [40].…”

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Selectively Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in AR-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells

“…PAM was found to convey selectivity in multiple types of cancer cells including, e.g., melanoma [12], breast cancer [13,14] and head and neck carcinomas [15]. However, relatively little was reported on the e cacy of PAM in killing prostate cancer cells.…”

“…CAP has been widely applied in many bio-related elds such as bacterial disinfection, cell transfection, dentistry and wound healing [7][8][9][10][11], with its selectivity against cancer cells being rstly reported in 2007 [12]. Ever since, CAP was shown effective in treating multiple types of tumors such as breast cancer [13,14]. Clinically, CAP was shown to be effective in partially alleviating super cial head and neck tumors and effectively reducing ulceration caused by cancers [15].…”