Quantitative aspects of septicemia.

Yagupsky, P; Nolte, F S

doi:10.1128/cmr.3.3.269-279.1990

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Total bacterial recovery was calculated for each experiment by Equation (6). Figure 3 shows that these data in general follow the same trend as the concentration recovery (see also Figure S4A).…”

Section: Total Bacterial Recoverymentioning

confidence: 63%

Factors affecting sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood

Pitt

Alizadeh

Blanco

et al. 2019

Biotechnology Progress

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Rapid diagnosis of blood infections requires fast and efficient separation of bacteria from blood. We have developed spinning hollow disks that separate bacteria from blood cells via the differences in sedimentation velocities of these particles. Factors affecting separation included the spinning speed and duration, and disk size. These factors were varied in dozens of experiments for which the volume of separated plasma, and the concentration of bacteria and red blood cells (RBCs) in separated plasma were measured. Data were correlated by a parameter of characteristic sedimentation length, which is the distance that an idealized RBC would travel during the entire spin. Results show that characteristic sedimentation length of 20 to 25 mm produces an optimal separation and collection of bacteria in plasma. This corresponds to spinning a 12-cm-diameter disk at 3,000 rpm for 13 s. Following the spin, a careful deceleration preserves the separation of cells from plasma and provides a bacterial recovery of about 61 ± 5%. K E Y W O R D Sbacterial bloodstream infection, bacterial separation, centrifugation, disk design, E. coli, human blood, sedimentation

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Section: Total Bacterial Recoverymentioning

confidence: 63%

Factors affecting sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood

Pitt

Alizadeh

Blanco

et al. 2019

Biotechnology Progress

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“…Most studies focusing on magnitude of bacteraemia as a prognostic factor have relied on direct measurements of CFU/mL blood, derived either from pour-plate methods (2-7) or from plating on solid agar (20,21). However, these quantitative methods are labour intensive and are rarely used for routine diagnostic purposes (22)(23)(24). Furthermore, their sensitivity is compromised by the small blood sample volumes (∂1 mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, their sensitivity is compromised by the small blood sample volumes (∂1 mL). Because magnitude of bacteraemia in adults is low, culturing of 20-30 mL blood is recommended (23,(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude of bacteraemia is associated with increased mortality in non‐typhoid salmonellosis: a one‐year follow‐up study

Gradel

Dethlefsen

Schønheyder

et al. 2008

APMIS

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We examined whether the number of positive bottles in a routinely used three-bottle blood culture (BC) set predicted one-year mortality in adult patients with non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Data from 1994 through 2003 in North Jutland County, Denmark, were retrieved from health databases and medical records. We used the number of positive BC bottles as an index of magnitude of NTS bacteraemia: Index 0 (reference) patients had a negative BC coincident with an NTS-positive faecal culture and index 1, 2, or 3 patients had increasing levels of NTS bacteraemia. For all patients and for patients with gastroenteritis we computed Kaplan-Meier curves to summarize survival over time and Cox regression analysis to estimate mortality in crude analyses and in analyses adjusted for comorbidity and age. There were 115, 43, 21, and 41 patients with index 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. One-year cumulative mortality was 4.4%, 14.0%, 28.6%, and 41.5% for indices 0 to 3. Adjusted one-year mortality rate ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) were 1.7 (0.5-5.8), 5.2 (1.5-17.4), and 5.3 (1.9-14.9) for index 1, 2, and 3 patients, respectively. These estimates remained robust for patients with gastroenteritis. We conclude that higher magnitude of bacteraemia predicted one-year mortality in NTS patients.

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“…This may account for the depletion of immune cells during sepsis and favour bacterial spread. Furthermore, bacteriological data demonstrate that the number and quality of lymphocytes influence the amount of circulating bacteria (Yagupsky and Nolte, 1990;Vincent et al, 2002). Thus, blocking the a-toxin effect on lymphocyte apoptosis might represent a novel mechanism to increase the number of immune cells, which in turn enables the host to mount a more effective response to invading pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureusalpha-toxin induces apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: role of endogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha and the mitochondrial death pathway

et al. 2003

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SummaryStaphylococcus aureus infections can result in septic and toxic shock with depletion of immune cells and massive cytokine production. Recently, we showed that, in S. aureus -infected Jurkat T cells, a a a a -toxin is the major mediator of caspase activation and apoptosis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of cell death induced by a a a a -toxin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC). We show that a a a a -toxin is required and sufficient for S. aureus -induced cell death not only in transformed Jurkat T cells but also in MNC. Low a a a atoxin doses (3-30 ng ml) dose-and timedependently induced apoptosis in both cell types, which was completely blocked by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. In Jurkat T cells and MNC, a a a a -toxin induced the breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the intrinsic activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Interestingly, unlike in Jurkat T cells, apoptosis in MNC was additionally mediated by a caspase-9-independent component. MNC, but not Jurkat T cells, produced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a a a a upon a a a a -toxin stimulation. Blocking endogenous TNF-a a a a with a TNF-a a a a receptor antagonist partially decreased apoptosis in MNC. Our data therefore suggest that, whereas in Jurkat T cells apoptosis is solely mediated by the mitochondrial pathway, in MNC endogenous TNF-a a a a and a death receptor-dependent pathway are also involved, which may contribute to depletion of immune cells during S. aureus infection.

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Quantitative aspects of septicemia.

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Factors affecting sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood

Factors affecting sedimentational separation of bacteria from blood

Magnitude of bacteraemia is associated with increased mortality in non‐typhoid salmonellosis: a one‐year follow‐up study

Staphylococcus aureusalpha-toxin induces apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: role of endogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha and the mitochondrial death pathway

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