Quantitative Approach for Small Molecules Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Recent advances in quantitative approaches to laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) are selectively reviewed. Numerous efforts have been made to use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and related techniques for rapid screening and/or monitoring of biological events. Among the various mass ionization spectrometric analysis techniques, MALDI-MS has exceptional potential for high-throughput analysis. Although quantitative analysis with MALDI-MS is challenging, the expansion of its utility is inevitable. It is notable that practical improvement of MALDI-MS can be achieved by preparation of an uniform matrix using binary matrix systems. Broad applications have been established with a self-assembled monolayer for MALDI-MS, referred to as SAMDI-MS. The method could be an essential tool not only for rapid screening but also as a sensitive probe for surface sciences. Complementary to these approaches, labeling of molecules for LDI-MS is introduced as potential tool for the selective detection of specific target molecules.

Recommendations for quantitative analysis of small molecules by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry

“…Two matrices were tested, namely CCA and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), for three analytes: melamine (a low molecular weight compound used, unfortunately, as a food adulterant), and two peptides [21]. The use of binary matrices for quantitative analysis of small molecules by MALDI-MS has been encouraged, due to their potential to yield a more uniform spot [5]. The surfactant cetrimonium bromide has been added to CCA to suppress matrix peaks, but sensitivity is compromised [22].…”

“…Another recent review of MALDI methods in general also is thorough, and covers both the analysis of small and large molecules [4]. Both of these reviews include discussion of special methods for sample spotting and fundamental aspects of MALDI-MS. A short review briefly covering the selected topics of binary matrices, self-assembled monolayers, and photocleavable labels for nonmatrix laser desorption ionization was presented recently [5]. Important as well, although more dated, are other reviews which partly discuss quantitation of small molecules [6-9].…”

Determination of copper and lead in tequila by conventional matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and partial least squares regression

“…Of note, spectral data can be acquired successively, for a wide range of different samples deposited on the same solid target, with no need for cleaning between the samples and with no risk of cross‐contamination. On the other hand, conventional MALDI‐HRMS provides relatively poor analytical performance in the identification/quantification of small molecules ( m/z <800) as compared with the higher m/z values, due to troublesome matrix‐related background noise and uncertain homogeneity of sample co‐crystallization with matrix . To counterbalance these limitations, a range of matrix‐free laser desorption/ionization techniques have been developed; however, the efficiency of analyte desorption/ionization strongly depends on the chemical nature and the size of nanomaterial applied to assist the process, and poorer sensitivity has often been reported in these new techniques as compared with conventional MALDI with organic matrices .…”

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Nitrobenzyl-oxy-phenol Derivatives

“…5) Furthermore, the photocleavable property of acylphenol derivatives is applied for semi-quantitative probes for laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. 6,7) In addition, there are large numbers of synthetic phenol derivatives with various pharmacological applications. For instance, synthetic hydroquinone dimethyl ethers showed potential anticancer and antimicrobial activities, 8) substituted phenols and quinones have potential anticancer activity.…”

“…[5][6][7] On the course of our study, we investigated the antibacterial activities for our chemicals. In this report, two new nitrobenzyl-oxy-phenol derivatives were synthesized, their structures were confirmed based on their spectral data and their antibacterial activities determined.…”