Quantitative and structural characteristics of lipids in Chlorobium and Chloroflexus

Knudsen, Egil; Jantzen, Erik; Bryn, Klaus; Ormerod, John G.; Sirevåg, Reidun

doi:10.1007/bf00508721

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…1). For this purpose, glycosyltransferases were selected from bacterial origin that had previously been characterized by heterologous expression in prokaryotic or eukaryotic hosts (Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Synechococcus) and subsequent analysis of newly formed glycolipids (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Additional putative glycosyltransferases were identified in bacteria based on sequence similarity to known genes (Table 1) (26), and by this 20 bacterial genes were selected for expression in plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ␤GlcT ORF chlo02003783 (GenBank accession no. ZP 00356752) amplified from genomic Chloroflexus DNA by PCR was subcloned into pUC18 (24) and inserted into the AvrII͞BamHI sites, C-terminal to the tobacco ␣Gal␤GalDG synthase (type A) signal sequence of the modified pCAMB35SOCS12 vector. The binary vector was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 and used for Arabidopsis (WT Columbia and dgd1) transformation by means of infiltration (40).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional differences between galactolipids and glucolipids revealed in photosynthesis of higher plants

Hölzl

Witt

Kelly

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Galactolipids represent the most abundant lipid class in thylakoid membranes, where oxygenic photosynthesis is performed. The identification of galactolipids at specific sites within photosynthetic complexes by x-ray crystallography implies specific roles for galactolipids during photosynthetic electron transport. The preference for galactose and not for the more abundant sugar glucose in thylakoid lipids and their specific roles in photosynthesis are not understood. Introduction of a bacterial glucosyltransferase from Chloroflexus aurantiacus into the galactolipid-deficient dgd1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the accumulation of a glucose-containing lipid in the thylakoids. At the same time, the growth defect of the dgd1 mutant was complemented. However, the degree of trimerization of light-harvesting complex II and the photosynthetic quantum yield of transformed dgd1 plants were only partially restored. These results indicate that specific interactions of the galactolipid head group with photosynthetic protein complexes might explain the preference for galactose in thylakoid lipids of higher plants. Therefore, galactose in thylakoid lipids can be exchanged with glucose without severe effects on growth, but the presence of galactose is crucial to maintain maximal photosynthetic efficiency.chloroplast ͉ galactose ͉ glucose ͉ lipid ͉ glucosylgalactosyldiacylglycerol D irectly or indirectly, almost all life on earth depends on the photosynthetic conversion of water, CO 2 , and sunlight into chemical energy and oxygen. In cyanobacteria, green algae, and plants, the primary reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis are executed in thylakoid membranes. They harbor a set of multimeric protein complexes embedded into a lipid matrix of unique composition. The structure of the protein complexes and the lipid composition of thylakoid membranes are highly conserved in all organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. Thylakoid lipids comprise the two galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (␤GalDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (␣Gal␤GalDG), a sulfolipid, and phosphatidylglycerol as the only phospholipid (1-3). Based on their high proportion in thylakoid membranes and the abundance of plants and algae, galactolipids represent the most abundant lipid class in the biosphere (4, 5). Galactolipids are crucial to establish the proton-and ion-impermeable matrix of chloroplast membranes. An appropriate ratio of ␤GalDG to ␣Gal␤GalDG is required to maintain the intricate bilayer characteristics required for insertion, folding, movement, and conformational changes of membrane proteins (6). Crystalline chlorophyll-protein complexes contain galactolipid molecules firmly bound to specific sites, some of them in close proximity to the electron transfer chain. This association implies important roles of galactolipids in photosynthetic exciton and electron transfer within and between the different complexes (7-9). Mutants and transgenic plants of Arabidopsis thaliana are the basis for our current understanding of the role of th...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional differences between galactolipids and glucolipids revealed in photosynthesis of higher plants

Hölzl

Witt

Kelly

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…That Chlorojlexus can produce long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons with a maximum at n-C,, :3 and long-chain saturated and unsaturated wax esters in the carbon range C,, to C,, (maximum C3J is well known from studies of cell cultures (Knudsen et al, 1982;Shiea et al, 1991;Hefter, 1992). These compounds were also found in recent sediment samples containing ChloroJEexus (Boudou et al, 1986;Dobson et al, 1988;Zeng et al, 1992a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

(-)-Verrucosan-2 -ol from the phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus: first report of a verrucosane-type diterpenoid from a prokaryote

Hefter¹,

Richnow²,

Fischer³

et al. 1993

Journal of General Microbiology

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~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____(-)-Verrucosan-2fil ( C s N 0 ) , a rare diterpene with a 3,6,6,5-tetracyclic ring system, has been isolated and identilied for the first time from the phototrophic bacterium Chluruflexus aurantiacus. Furthermore, an unsaturated diterpenoid hydrocarbon (Cd,,) with a similar carbon skeleton was found in the same organism. This prokaryote, naturally occurring in hot spring microbial mats, is considered to be one of the oldest bacterial life forms on earth. Verrucosane-type diterpenoids had previously been detected only in some liverworts (Hepaticae), forming a unique group in the plant kingdom.

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“…The two hydroxy-acids (C14:0 3OH and C16:0 3:OH) were not detected as reported by Knudsen et al (1982). According to Boon et al (1997), hydroxyl acids are part of the cellular wall of Gram-negative bacteria and bounded to lipid A and cannot be extracted with soft organic compounds; a special procedure for analysis and extraction is necessary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Fatty Acids Analysis of Photosynthetic Sulfur Bacteria by Gas Chromatography

Núñez-Cardona¹

2012

Gas Chromatography - Biochemicals, Narcotics and Essential Oils

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Quantitative and structural characteristics of lipids in Chlorobium and Chloroflexus

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Functional differences between galactolipids and glucolipids revealed in photosynthesis of higher plants

Functional differences between galactolipids and glucolipids revealed in photosynthesis of higher plants

(-)-Verrucosan-2 -ol from the phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus: first report of a verrucosane-type diterpenoid from a prokaryote

Fatty Acids Analysis of Photosynthetic Sulfur Bacteria by Gas Chromatography

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