Quantitative and Semiquantitative Health Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Styrene in a Petrochemical Industry

Moshiran, Vahid Ahmadi; Karimi, Ali; Golbabaei, Farideh; Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen; Sajedian, Ali Asghar; Koozekonan, Aysa Ghasemi

doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2021.01.009

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Similar to the Chinese researchers, scholars in South Korea have also conducted a comparative study on a qualitative risk assessment method improved based on the COSHH model and a quantitative assessment improved based on USEPA model to evaluate health risks caused by 36 kinds of hazardous substances requiring management ( 68 ). In Iran, the results of a comparison study on health risk assessment on occupational exposure to styrene in a petrochemical industry using the USEPA model and the Singaporean model implied that the estimated health risk of exposure to styrene was higher in the EPA model than in the Singaporean model ( 69 ). Only a few studies included in this review were methodological optimization studies ( 45 , 50 – 52 , 70 – 72 ), which were conducted to improve the OHRA methods and provide insights for establishing OHRA methods suitable for the workplace in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational health risk assessment methods in China: A scoping review

Zhou

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundOver the decades, many assessment methods have been developed around the world and used for occupational health risk assessment (OHRA). This scoping review integrated the literature on methodological studies of OHRA in China and aimed to identifies the research hot-spots and methodological research perspectives on OHRA in China.MethodsA scoping review of literature was undertaken to explore the research progress on OHRA methods in China. Focusing on OHRA methods, the authors systematically searched Chinese and English databases and relevant guideline websites from the date of establishment to June 30, 2022. Databases included Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, the China National Knowledge Internet, WanFang Database. Some other websites were also searched to obtain gray literature. The extracted information included the author, year, region of first author, the target industry, risk assessment model, study type, the main results and conclusions.ResultsFinally, 145 of 9,081 studies were included in this review. There were 108 applied studies, 30 comparative studies and 7 optimization studies on OHRA in China. The OHRA methods studied included: (1) qualitative methods such as Romanian model, Australian model, International Council on Mining and Metals model, and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials; (2) quantitative methods such as the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency inhalation risk assessment model, Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic, and Monte Carlo simulation; (3) semi-quantitative methods such as Singapore model, Fuzzy mathematical risk assessment model, Likelihood Exposure Consequence method and Occupational Hazard Risk Index assessment method; (4) comprehensive method (Chinese OHRA standard GBZ/T 298-2017). Each of the OHRA methods had its own strengths and limitations. In order to improve the applicability of OHRA methods, some of them have been optimized by researchers.ConclusionsThere is a wide range of OHRA methods studied in China, including applied, comparative, and optimization studies. Their applicability needs to be further tested through further application in different industries. Furthermore, quantitative comparative studies, optimization studies, and modeling studies are also needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational health risk assessment methods in China: A scoping review

Zhou

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…In carcinogenic risk analysis, as slope factor (SF) values were available for both BD and ST (IUR value was available only for BD), we used exposure pathway expressed by calculating CDI to have the consistency between BD and ST in carcinogenic risk calculations. However, we have used the lowest available SF value for ST obtained from scientific literature 41 in accordance with the conservative risk assessment principle. SF value for ST used in our studies did not appear in the toxicological databases as the result of the lack of the agreement on confirmed SF and/or IUR value for ST.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of ST only RfC value was confirmed in the toxicological databases. In the case of the SF value for ST we used the value available in other research 41 , having in mind that so far there is no one agreed value. Banton et al 2019 48 reported that RfC value for ST for general population based on ototoxicity was estimated to be 6 ppm (about 25 mg m 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SF values for each carcinogenic compound are provided from toxicological databases. In our calculations we used SF values equal to 6 × 10 0 (mg kg −1 day −1 ) −1 for BD 40 and 5.7 × 10 –4 (mg kg −1 day −1 ) −1 for ST 41 . Chronic daily intake (CDI) is the dose of particular pollutant taken daily averaged over exposure expressed in years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probabilistic human health risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene and styrene exposure using Monte Carlo simulation technique in the carpet production industry

Khoshakhlagh

Gruszecka‐Kosowska

Adeniji

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Chemicals containing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are commonly used in the machine carpet production. 1,3-butadiene and styrene are main components of the carpenter’s glue used in carpet factories. Exposition to these chemicals can lead to a number of adverse health effects. This is the first study of the human health risk assessment due to inhalational exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD) and styrene (ST) performed among workers in the carpet factories in Kashan city, Iran. The importance of the study was related with the fact of high popularity of carpet production in the South Asia countries. Inhalation exposure to BD and ST were measured based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 1024 and 1501 methods, respectively. The cancerogenic risk (CR) and non-cancerogenic risk described as Hazard Quotient (HQ) values were calculated based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis were performed by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The average concentration measured of BD and ST during work shifts of employees were 0.039 mg m−3 (0.017 ppm) and 12.108 mg m−3 (2.84 ppm), respectively. The mean ± SD value of estimated cancerogenic risk in inhalation exposure to BD and ST were equal to 5.13 × 10–3 ± 3.85 × 10–4 and 1.44 × 10–3 ± 2.36 × 10–4, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 10–6 defined by USEPA. The average non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of BD and ST were equal to 8.50 × 100 and 5.13 × 100, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 1. As the results of our studies exceeded both cancerogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values it indicates that adverse health effects due to inhalational exposure to BD and ST for workers in the machine carpet industry are very likely. To avoid negative health effects protective measures for employees in the factories should be introduced immediately and furher detailed research are recommended.

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“…To control the sources of danger, and to achieve the purpose of gradually eliminating dangerous and harmful factors, so that production equipment and security facilities can be protected from damage, while the natural environment can also be well protected. [3] Production safety management is a component of safety science, which refers to the efforts of people to achieve the harmony of machinery, materials and environment in the production process. [4] Production managers make effective decisions and reasonable plans, make full use of effective resources, solve people's safety problems in the production process by organizing safety learning and ISSN 2706-655X Vol.4, Issue 1: 37-45, DOI: 10.25236/IJFET.2022.040107…”

Section: Enterprise Safety Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Petrochemical Production Safety Management Based on HSE Management System

2022

IJFET

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With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the growing material and cultural needs, people have become inseparable from the convenience brought by chemical products. There are flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances in the production of these chemical products, which can easily cause a series of production safety accidents if not well managed, so the safety management of petrochemical enterprises is particularly important. Based on the HSE management system and combined with relevant theories, this paper describes the current safety situation and characteristics of the petrochemical industry, explores the current safety hazards, and proposes corresponding countermeasures to solve them.

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Quantitative and Semiquantitative Health Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Styrene in a Petrochemical Industry

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Occupational health risk assessment methods in China: A scoping review

Occupational health risk assessment methods in China: A scoping review

Probabilistic human health risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene and styrene exposure using Monte Carlo simulation technique in the carpet production industry

Research on Petrochemical Production Safety Management Based on HSE Management System

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