Quantitative and qualitative effects of l-triiodothyronine in massive obesity

Hollingsworth, Dorothy R.; Amatruda, Thomas T.; Scheig, Robert

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(70)90040-5

“…Negative effects on nitrogen balance and increased energy expenditure were documented. In a randomized study of obese individuals treated with either 225 μg LT3 (L-triiodothyronine) daily or placebo for up to 6 months, LT3-treated patients achieved more weight loss in a hospital setting at 8 weeks, but this was no longer significantly different in the hospitalized setting at 12 weeks, or after discharge (92). All patients experienced an increase in pulse rate.…”

Section: Effects and Risks Of Thyroid Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Label Use and Misuse of Testosterone, Growth Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, and Adrenal Supplements: Risks and Costs of a Growing Problem

Irwig

¹

,

Fleseriu

²

,

Jonklaas

³

et al. 2020

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“…Although administration of HT results in increased weight loss and BMR, 10 ± 12 most of the studies used supraphysiological doses of T3 varying from 150 to 2000 mg T3aday. 10 High doses of T3 caused 11 several side effects such as serious cardiac problems, muscle weakness and excessive erosion of lean body mass. 10 ± 13 Moore et al 11 and Koppeschaar et al 12 reported a negative correlation between the body weight loss and the concentration of TH.…”

Section: Th In Treatment Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormones and treatment of obesity

Krotkiewski

¹

2000

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Thyroid hormones have important thermogenic function. Nevertheless, thyroid dysfunctions are often associated with minor changes in body weight and fat mass. On the other hand, both overfeeding and fasting have important effects on iodothyronine metabolism and regulation of deiodinase activity. Although under debate, there are clinical and theoretical reasons to administer low-dose thyroid hormones (T3) in selected obese patients. This short review deals with both pathophysiological and clinical aspects of thyroid hormone used in the therapy of obesity. International Journal of Obesity (2000) 24, Suppl 2, S116±S119 Keywords: thyroid hormones; obesity; diiodothyronine; UCP Thyroid hormones are prototypes of thermogenetic agentsThe ®rst publication indicating thyroid hormones (TH) as agents involved in energy homeostasis appeared as early as 1895 by Magnus Levy. 1 Although more than 100 y have elapsed since this ®rst publication, the mechanism of calorigenic effect of TH is not fully elucidated and debate is still in progress. Food intakeIt is well established that food intake is generally decreased in hypothyroidism and increased in hyperthyroid state. The reduction in basal metabolic rate (BMR) in hypothyroidism increases the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure relative to euthyroid subjects consuming the same amount of food. The contrary is true for hyperthyroidism. Body weightBody weight is on average decreased in hyperthyroidism by 15% (in comparison with body weight before) and an increase in body weight is an important sign of a response to therapy. On average hypothyroid patients weigh 15 ± 30% more than during euthyroid state and decrease their weight during replacement therapy, but 17% still maintain their higher body weight, in spite of otherwise adequate substitution. OverweightOverweight is also common (15 ± 17%) among post hyperthyroid patients 2 after successful therapy (thyroidectomy, radio-iodine treatment) on substitution with thyroxine (T4). Obesity syndromes share also several similarities to signs and symptoms of subclinical hypothyroidism. TH in treatment of obesityNot surprisingly, TH though not universally recommended, belongs to the oldest arsenal of anti-obesity preparations. Desiccated thyroid, thyroglobulin, USP and the colloid protein of the thyroid gland were very popular during the forties. They were used together with diuretics during the ®fties and together with amphetamine and amphetamine derivates during the sixties. TH therapy continued later with synthetic T4 and more recently with T3 and T2.Thyroid hormone is one of the most commonly prescribed medications in Western countries. In the USA in the national prescription audit, synthroid (L-thyroxin, Boots Pharmacy Inc) was ranked ®fth among new and repeat prescriptions.Is the use of TH in obesity treatment scienti®cally warranted?Hyperphagia and overfeeding even in a limited form (as one big meal) leads to increased activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and to a concomitant activation of 5-monodeiodinase 1, respon...

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“…Plasma concentration of T3 is not necessarily a good indicator of T3 concentration in different tissues and organs. 10 Furthermore, activity of deioidinase varies depending on lipolytic activity of different adipose tissue regions; 9 lower deiodinase activity may contribute to development of regional obesity 9 as well as to decrease of BMR and tendency to weight regain (yo-yo effect) duringaafter VLCD and LCD.…”

Section: Th In Treatment Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although administration of HT results in increased weight loss and BMR, 10 ± 12 most of the studies used supraphysiological doses of T3 varying from 150 to 2000 mg T3aday. 10 High doses of T3 caused 11 several side effects such as serious cardiac problems, muscle weakness and excessive erosion of lean body mass.…”

Section: Th In Treatment Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

True

2000

Int J Obes

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thyroid hormones have important thermogenic function. Nevertheless, thyroid dysfunctions are often associated with minor changes in body weight and fat mass. On the other hand, both overfeeding and fasting have important effects on iodothyronine metabolism and regulation of deiodinase activity. Although under debate, there are clinical and theoretical reasons to administer low-dose thyroid hormones (T3) in selected obese patients. This short review deals with both pathophysiological and clinical aspects of thyroid hormone used in the therapy of obesity. International Journal of Obesity (2000) 24, Suppl 2, S116±S119 Keywords: thyroid hormones; obesity; diiodothyronine; UCP Thyroid hormones are prototypes of thermogenetic agentsThe ®rst publication indicating thyroid hormones (TH) as agents involved in energy homeostasis appeared as early as 1895 by Magnus Levy. 1 Although more than 100 y have elapsed since this ®rst publication, the mechanism of calorigenic effect of TH is not fully elucidated and debate is still in progress. Food intakeIt is well established that food intake is generally decreased in hypothyroidism and increased in hyperthyroid state. The reduction in basal metabolic rate (BMR) in hypothyroidism increases the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure relative to euthyroid subjects consuming the same amount of food. The contrary is true for hyperthyroidism. Body weightBody weight is on average decreased in hyperthyroidism by 15% (in comparison with body weight before) and an increase in body weight is an important sign of a response to therapy. On average hypothyroid patients weigh 15 ± 30% more than during euthyroid state and decrease their weight during replacement therapy, but 17% still maintain their higher body weight, in spite of otherwise adequate substitution. OverweightOverweight is also common (15 ± 17%) among post hyperthyroid patients 2 after successful therapy (thyroidectomy, radio-iodine treatment) on substitution with thyroxine (T4). Obesity syndromes share also several similarities to signs and symptoms of subclinical hypothyroidism. TH in treatment of obesityNot surprisingly, TH though not universally recommended, belongs to the oldest arsenal of anti-obesity preparations. Desiccated thyroid, thyroglobulin, USP and the colloid protein of the thyroid gland were very popular during the forties. They were used together with diuretics during the ®fties and together with amphetamine and amphetamine derivates during the sixties. TH therapy continued later with synthetic T4 and more recently with T3 and T2.Thyroid hormone is one of the most commonly prescribed medications in Western countries. In the USA in the national prescription audit, synthroid (L-thyroxin, Boots Pharmacy Inc) was ranked ®fth among new and repeat prescriptions.Is the use of TH in obesity treatment scienti®cally warranted?Hyperphagia and overfeeding even in a limited form (as one big meal) leads to increased activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and to a concomitant activation of 5-monodeiodinase 1, respon...

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Quantitative and qualitative effects of l-triiodothyronine in massive obesity

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Off-Label Use and Misuse of Testosterone, Growth Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, and Adrenal Supplements: Risks and Costs of a Growing Problem

Off-Label Use and Misuse of Testosterone, Growth Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, and Adrenal Supplements: Risks and Costs of a Growing Problem

Thyroid hormones and treatment of obesity

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