Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage in white veal calves in France

Jarrige, Nathalie; Cazeau, Géraldine; Morignat, Eric; Chanteperdrix, Magdéléna

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.018

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both results indicate that health problems, either during the first weeks after birth or during the subsequent fattening period are associated with a higher probability to die during the fattening period. This finding is supported by earlier research of Jarrige et al (2017) and Bähler et al (2012), who both found that antibiotic treatment was associated with higher mortality. In the Netherlands, prophylactic use of antibiotics is forbidden and a higher use of antibiotics is thus an indication for increased health problems that result in a higher mortality rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Santman-Berends

Bont-Smolenaars

Roos

et al. 2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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From 2009 to 2012 a gradual increase in on-farm mortality of Dutch veal calves was observed. In 2012, the cattle industry decided that more information was needed on risk factors for mortality in both veal herds and herds of origin to enable implementation of risk mitigating measures. Routinely collected data were available from seven different data sources and contained information from 2.4 million white veal calves that were fattened in the period between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2014. Survival analysis techniques (Kaplan-Meier), multilevel Poisson and multilevel Logistic regression models were applied to analyse the data. Two different models were assembled in which risk factors for veal calf mortality in respectively veal herds and herds of origin were identified. Univariable and multivariable regression techniques were used to detect risk factors significantly associated with mortality of veal calves during the fattening period. During the study period, the mean mortality was 4.9% per production cycle. The probability to die was highest during the first weeks after arrival in the veal herds and declined thereafter. Important risk factors included a veal herds with a higher use of antimicrobials, hair colour as proxy for breed, certain countries of origin, veal herd management with a limited amount of supplied feed and a not having an all-in / all-out system. A higher body weight at arrival in the veal herd was associated with lower mortality as well as veal calves that were fed an above median amount of milk, roughage and concentrates. From the calves that were fattened during the study period, observations of 1.1 million calves originated from the Netherlands and were available to study risk factors for veal calf mortality associated with the herd of origin. Important risk factors included purchase, herds with high mortality rates in the quarter in which the calf was born, fast growth in herd size, high cattle replacement rates and a higher antibiotic use in the quarter of birth. Calves that originated from herds that were certified BVD-free, Salmonella-unsuspected or Paratuberculosis-unsuspected, had a lower odds to die during the subsequent fattening period in a veal herd. Veal calf mortality was influenced by risk factors at the herd of origin as well as at veal herds. Adequate collaboration between the different industries is necessary to optimize veal calf management leading to a reduction in veal calf mortality during the fattening period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Santman-Berends

Bont-Smolenaars

Roos

et al. 2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Total AMU data were calculated based on a SW to allow international comparison. A first key finding was that total AMU for dairy veal calves, 26.4 DDDvet/yr (SW), approached current levels in the Netherlands (25.1 DDDvet/yr), but was much lower than the 55.5 DDDvet/yr over different breeds in France (Jarrige et al, 2017;SDA, 2017). The reported AMU of this veterinary practice (32.3 DDDvet/yr) signifies a voluntary reduction of 46% compared with the national landmark of 60 DDDvet/yr set in 2007 to 2009 (SW: 164 kg) to which this practice also contributed farms (Pardon et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high use of macrolides could be explained by their main indication, namely respiratory diseases. The high use of macrolides is unique to this veterinary practice because tetracyclines were the most frequently used antimicrobials in France and the Netherlands (Jarrige et al, 2017;SDA, 2017). This could be explained by personal preference, and stresses the important influence of the prescriber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available studies on AMU in different species all demonstrate the large variation in usage, with farms hardly using any antimicrobials and others very intensively (Timmerman et al, 2006;Pardon et al, 2012a;Agunos et al, 2017). In other words, there appears to be a major window of opportunity to reduce usage, but the factors driving AMU in the veal industry are poorly understood (Fertner et al, 2016;Lava et al, 2016b;Jarrige et al, 2017). Knowledge on these drivers is essential to design effective campaigns and intervention measures to rationalize AMU in the short term and for the development of sustainable veal production systems in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for antimicrobial use in veal calves and the association with mortality

Bokma

Boone²,

Deprez

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The intensive use of antimicrobials in the veal industry is heavily criticized, but drivers for antimicrobial usage (AMU) are still poorly understood. The industry fears that a drastic reduction in AMU would increase mortality, creating an unacceptable welfare issue. The objectives of the present study were to identify risk factors for AMU and to explore the relationship between AMU and mortality. A retrospective cohort study was performed on the antimicrobial registration data from the largest Belgian veterinary veal practice. The data set contained 295 production cycles from 78 farms, representing 146,014 calves and 8 veal companies (also called integrations). The average AMU was 32.3 defined daily dose animal per year (standard deviation: 11.04), of which 76.2% was administered orally and 23.8% parentally. The AMU remained stable between 2014 and 2016 with only a slight, but significant increase in total AMU between 2015 (31.0 defined daily dose animal per year, standard deviation: 10.5) and 2016 (35.1, 10.8). Use of almost all antimicrobial classes decreased over 2014 to 2016; however, use of long-acting macrolides, doxycycline, and aminosides increased significantly. Analysis identified breed (higher use in beef calves compared with dairy and crossbreeds), month of arrival (lower use when arrived in April or May compared with winter months), and veal company as risk factors. The veal company not only significantly affected total AMU, but also affected the majority of the antimicrobial classes. Additionally, breed differences were present for oxytetracycline, colistin, and classic macrolides, and a month effect was present for doxycycline only. These data illustrate that this veterinary practice realized a reduction of 46% in total AMU and of 96% in critically important antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins of the third and fourth generation) compared with the Belgian benchmark from 2007 to 2009. Replacement of critically important drugs by an increased use of longacting macrolides is worrisome. Mortality risk was very low compared with benchmarks referenced internationally and did not increase with decreasing AMU. Use of trimethoprim-sulfonamides was a risk factor, whereas use of oxytetracycline was a protective factor for mortality. The absence of a relationship with mortality at the current levels of AMU suggests that a further rational reduction is possible. Attention should be paid to consider different AMU benchmarks for different breeds and to include the veal company as a target for antibiotic awareness campaigns.

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“…In Central Europe and North America (USA and Canada) veal calf production relies on collecting calves from 54 various dairy farms to rearing units, resulting in high morbidity and treatment rate, often with group treatment 55 and metaphylactic antimicrobial use (Pardon et al, 2012;Jarrige et al, 2017). Factors increasing metaphylactic 56 use include purchase of the calves, larger group size and larger herd size (Lava et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Introduction 40mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between group sizes, serum protein levels, calf morbidity and growth in dairy-beef calves in a Finnish calf rearing unit

Seppä-Lassila

Oksanen²,

Herva³

et al. 2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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14Efficient dairy-beef production relies on good quality of purchased calves, defined by breed, health, and growth 15 characteristics. Several management factors, such as commingling of calves and large group size, predispose 16 calves to diseases. Acute phase proteins are sensitive detectors of calf diseases. We studied the associations 17 between group size, serum acute phase proteins, immunoglobulin G (IgG), calf morbidity and growth of dairy-18 beef calves in a random field trial in a calf-rearing unit in Finland. 19The randomized trial was carried out at a calf rearing unit, where approximately 80 dairy or crossbred calves 20 were allocated either into a single group of 40 calves or into four groups of 10 on arrival at the calf-rearing 21 unit (at age 24.1 SD ± 9.2 days). The study was carried out on 6 arrival batches: 476 calves. Calves were 22clinically examined and blood sampled on arrival (day 0), and haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), 23 albumin and IgG were determined. Calves were weighed on arrival (day 0, average age 24.1 days), at the end 24 of the milk feed period (day 49), at approximately 200 days of age and at slaughter (carcass weight) at 15-18 25 months of age. During the rearing calves were observed by the farm workers and treated, if necessary, 26 according to predetermined instructions of the veterinary surgeon. All NSAID and antimicrobial treatments 27 were recorded and used as morbidity indicators in statistical analysis. 28There were no differences in the numbers of antimicrobial treatments or growth among the groups. The 29 majority (84.1%) of antimicrobial treatments were used against respiratory tract infections. Higher 30 concentrations of albumin and IgG on arrival extended the time before the first and the second antimicrobial 31 treatments. Complex relationships between group size, morbidity, concentrations of serum acute phase 32 proteins and IgG at arrival, and growth of calves were explored. Group size of 10 calves did not protect calves 33 from respiratory tract infections, when the small groups were sharing the air space with a large group. An 34 increased SAA concentration on arrival was associated with poorer average daily gain at two rearing periods 35 and with lower carcass weight at slaughter. 36Serum proteins could be valuable health indicators for purchased calves because they have numerous and 37 variable associations with health and growth. The mechanisms that connect increased SAA concentration and 38 poorer average daily gain over the long term remain unclear. 39

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Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage in white veal calves in France

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Using routinely collected data to evaluate risk factors for mortality of veal calves

Risk factors for antimicrobial use in veal calves and the association with mortality

Associations between group sizes, serum protein levels, calf morbidity and growth in dairy-beef calves in a Finnish calf rearing unit

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