Quantitative anatomy of the lungs of the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans

Perry, Steven F.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(78)90001-4

Cited by 73 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The mask was not ventilated with flowing fresh air because the dead space inside the mask was smaller than normal tidal volume. If the combined tracheal and bronchial dead space is estimated as 0.61·ml·kg -1 (Perry, 1978), the anatomical and dead space created by the mask add up to approx. 0.75ml.…”

Section: Mask Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle,Terrapene carolina

Landberg

Mailhot

Brainerd

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe limb girdles and lungs of turtles are both located within the bony shell, and therefore limb movements during locomotion could affect breathing performance. A mechanical conflict between locomotion and lung ventilation has been reported in adult green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, in which breathing stops during terrestrial locomotion and resumes during pauses between bouts of locomotion. We measured lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion using pneumotach masks in three individual Terrapene carolina (mass 304-416 g) and found no consistent mechanical effects of locomotion on breathing performance. Relatively small tidal volumes(2.2±1.4 ml breath-1; mean ± s.d., N=3 individuals) coupled with high breath frequencies(36.6±26.4 breaths min-1; mean ± s.d., N=3 individuals) during locomotion yield mass-specific minute volumes that are higher than any previously reported for turtles (264±64 ml min kg-1; mean ± s.d., N=3 individuals). Minute volume was higher during locomotion than during recovery from exercise(P<0.01; paired t-test), and tidal volumes measured during locomotion were not significantly different from values measured during brief pauses between locomotor bouts or during recovery from exercise(P>0.05; two-way ANOVA). Since locomotion does not appear to conflict with breathing performance, the mechanism of lung ventilation must be either independent of, or coupled to, the stride cycle. The timing of peak airflow from breaths occurring during locomotion does not show any fixed phase relationship with the stride cycle. Additionally, the peak values of inhalatory and exhalatory airflow rates do not differ consistently with respect to the stride cycle. Together, these data indicate that T. carolina is not using respiratory-locomotor coupling and limb and girdle movements do not contribute to lung ventilation during locomotion. X-ray video recordings indicate that lung ventilation is achieved via bilateral activity of the transverse (exhalatory) and oblique (inhalatory) abdominal muscles. This specialized abdominal ventilation mechanism may have originally circumvented a mechanical conflict between breathing and locomotion in the ancestor of turtles and subsequently allowed the ribs to abandon their role in lung ventilation and to fuse to form the shell.

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Section: Mask Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle,Terrapene carolina

Landberg

Mailhot

Brainerd

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…A mean mass-specific surface area of 0.2 m 2 kg −1 was reported for P. melanoleucus. Values reported for other reptilian sauropsid species are: Pseudemys scriptaelegans 0.207 m 2 kg −1 (Perry, 1978b), Tupinambis nigropunctatus 0.32 m 2 kg −1 , and Varanus exanthematicus 0.53 m 2 kg −1 (Perry, 1981). These studies were conducted using in situ fixed and maximally inflated lungs, with volume determination by displacement after removal from the body cavity, thereby including the airconducting areas into the calculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We follow a hierarchically nested approach to quantify the total gas diffusion capacity of the python lung using (i) computed tomography to quantify the respiratory tissue in the lungs; (ii) stereology-based light microscopy to quantify tissue compartments (volume fraction, surface density, surface fraction) and to calculate the total and mass-specific respiratory exchange surface; and (iii) stereological methods on transmission electron micrographs to determine the thickness of the diffusion barrier. Bringing these data together, we will calculate the total (and mass-specific) morphological diffusion capacity of the lungs and the anatomical diffusion factor (Perry, 1978b;Schmitz and Perry, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological respiratory diffusion capacity of the lungs of ball pythons (Python regius)

Starck¹,

Aupperle

Kiefer

et al. 2012

Zoology

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“…The anatomical diffusion factors (ADFs) (Perry 1978) were calculated as the respiratory surface area (S R ) in relation to body mass (S R /M B ) divided by the harmonic mean barrier thickness (τ) of the respective layers. For the inner surface (leading from the air to the hemolymph), we used the inner respiratory surface area for the ADF of the cuticle and the surface area of the border between the cuticle and epidermis for the ADF of the epidermis.…”

Section: Anatomical Diffusion Factor and Diffusing Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of the respiratory organs in the cellar spider Pholcus phalangioides (Arachnida, Araneae, Pholcidae)

Schmitz

2015

J Comp Physiol B

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Morphometric evaluation of the lungs of male and female cellar spiders (Pholcus phalangioideus) was carried out in 2 test groups with different body masses (mean value 10.8, males, and 26.6 mg, females). Males have significant higher lung volume to body mass ratios (2.49 vs. 2.13 × 10(-3) cm(3) g(-1)), which might result from the differences in body mass between sexes. Moreover, males have slightly more respiratory surface area per body mass (8.2 vs. 7.7 cm(2) g(-1)) and a little bit larger morphological diffusing capacities for oxygen (9.3 vs. 8.2 nmol s(-1) g(-1) kPa(-1)) than females, but both values were not significant. Metabolic rates were measured using flow through respirometry under video tracking: the CO2 release of male and female spiders was measured. Resting rates were 1.7 (males) and 1.5 nmol s(-1) g(-1) (females). Gluing of one spiracle did not influence the resting metabolic rate. Factorial scopes during stimulation to maximum metabolic rates were about 12 in intact animals, while elimination of one spiracle reduced the factorial scope to 5.2. Comparison with other araneomorph spiders strengthens the hypothesis that tracheae in spiders increase the metabolic rates of the tracheated species and do not only replace reduced lung capacity.

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Quantitative anatomy of the lungs of the red-eared turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle,Terrapene carolina

Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle,Terrapene carolina

Morphological respiratory diffusion capacity of the lungs of ball pythons (Python regius)

Functional morphology of the respiratory organs in the cellar spider Pholcus phalangioides (Arachnida, Araneae, Pholcidae)

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