Quantitative Analysis of Trace Chromium in Blood Samples. Combination of the Advanced Oxidation Process with Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Li, Yong; Armstrong, Kristie C.; Dansby-Sparks, Royce; Carrington, Nathan A.; Chambers, James Q.; Chen, Xue-Tai

doi:10.1021/ac060707p

Cited by 58 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Arguments such as possible sample loss, reaction with the container's surface, and incomplete ashing have been presented [23,28]. Yet many still regard dry ashing as a viable practice provided care is taken in the process [9][10][11][12]14,21,22,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermittent stirring allowed even ashing and monitoring of the sample. Ashing was determined complete when the sample was a rust red-brown color, typical for iron oxides, and no black substance, indicating carbon, remained [21,22]. Total ashing time was dependent on the volume of sample in the evaporating dish.…”

Section: Methods a (New Procedure)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 90 min, the temperature of the flame was increased to 450˚C and the sample was heated continuously for several hours. Ashing was determined complete when the sample was a rust red-brown color, typical for iron oxides, and no black substance, indicating carbon, remained [21,22].…”

Section: Methods B (Established Procedure) [23]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ashing procedures have long been used to pretreat complex samples such as biological tissues and fluids prior to elemental analysis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Dry ashing in particular has been a standard in the analysis of many biological samples, and it has been used as a benchmark in the development of new analyticcal methods [9][10][11][12][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] with many citations in this year alone [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Other techniques have been used as well but these are either expensive [4,6] or more ideal for identifying specific elements [5,8,13,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Dry Ashing of Whole Blood Samples for Trace Metal Analysis

Bragg¹,

Xue²

2011

AJAC

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Dry ashing is an established method. Ashing whole blood samples are, however, often difficult to carry out with significant sample loss, and the procedure is not well documented. A new procedure has been developed and optimized to dry-ash whole blood samples for trace metal analyses. The procedure reduces both the dry-ashing time by more than two thirds and sample loss. The ashed sample can be readily used in subsequent, simultaneous or individual analysis of several metals by ICP-OES, as demonstrated in the analysis of a whole blood sample. The new procedure is simple, inexpensive, and faster than the established method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods a (New Procedure)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods B (Established Procedure) [23]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Dry Ashing of Whole Blood Samples for Trace Metal Analysis

Bragg¹,

Xue²

2011

AJAC

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“…Thereafter, the nanoparticles were centrifuged at a speed of 12500 rpm for 15 min to remove free polymer conjugates, and washed once with Milli- The concentration of silver in the silver colloids and the uptake of AgNPs in cancer cells was also estimated using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). In order to estimate the silver content in cells, cells were deproteinized by a wet ashing procedure as described by Yong et al (Yong 2006). Briefly, FHAgNPs, FCAgNPs, FAgNPs (AgNPs self-assembled with FP but without DOX) and AgNPs (bare AgNPs) were incubated for 24 h with MES-SA, MES-SA/Dx5, SKOV3 and L1210 cells (at a cell density of 100,000 cells/ ml) at a final concentration of 32.5 ppb.…”

Section: Preparation Of Polymer Conjugate-self Assembled Agnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Srinivasan¹

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iii DEDICATION I want to dedicate this dissertation to my husband Karthikeyan who lent never ending love and support throughout my journey in graduate school. He had immense belief in me that I would be able to make my way through graduate school. There was not a single day in four years of our married life that he complained about my absence. He always had more confidence in me than I did in myself. I regretted those times when I could not attend his call or wasn't able to hear to his problems during his difficult times. However, he was patient and was there for me, no matter what the circumstances were. He was always there when I was close to giving up, trying to make me understand the importance of what I was doing. I also want to dedicate my dissertation to my mother, father, motherin-law and father-in-law. I would like to thank them for all the support they extended during my journey. Multifunctional agents for the management of highly heterogeneous diseases, like cancer, are gaining increased interest with the intent of improving the diagnostics and therapy of cancer patients. These agents are also important because more than one treatment modality is typically used for cancer therapy in the clinic. Further, nanotechnology offers a platform where more than one agent can be combined to help provide improved cancer diagnosis and therapy. Near-infrared light-activatable phototherapeutic agents have great potential in vivo. Body tissues have minimum absorption in the near-infrared range.They also have been shown to enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs when used in combination with them. We have, hence, investigated the potential of two multifunctional targeted nanoparticles for combined chemo-phototherapy (employing near-infrared light activable agent) and for understanding their underlying cellular responses. The first is employing polymeric Poly-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles with simultaneous incorporation of Indocyanine Green (ICG) (a nearinfrared light-activatable photothermal agent) and Doxorubicin (DOX) and surface conjugated with anti-Human Epithelial Receptor-2 (HER-2). The PLGA nanoparticles were subjected to two modes of hyperthermia, incubator and laser hyperthermia, to vii mimic whole-body and localized hyperthermia used clinically. These nanoparticles upon laser exposure showed a rapid heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) response in comparison to the cellular HSP70 response upon incubator hyperthermia exposure. However, 12h posttreatment, downregulation of HSP70, was observed, thus, causing cellular apoptosis or necrosis based on the degree of thermal insult. These targeted nanoparticles, simultaneously incorporating agents, suffer from the limitation of release of both the agents from the nanoparticles and the need to control their release for bringing in effective therapy. Therefore, the second multifunctional nanoparticle employing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conjugated with Doxorubicin was formulated. AgNP serve as a near-infrared activatable agent itself, o...

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Common Electrochemical Principles for PTS Detection

Huang

2018

Persistent Toxic Substances Monitoring

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Quantitative Analysis of Trace Chromium in Blood Samples. Combination of the Advanced Oxidation Process with Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

Optimization of Dry Ashing of Whole Blood Samples for Trace Metal Analysis

Optimization of Dry Ashing of Whole Blood Samples for Trace Metal Analysis

Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Common Electrochemical Principles for PTS Detection

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