Quantitative analysis of the yield of avian H7 influenza virus haemagglutinin protein produced in silkworm pupae with the use of the codon-optimized DNA: A possible oral vaccine

AIV polyantigen epitope expressed by recombinant baculovirus induces a systemic immune response in chicken and mouse models

“…Previous studies indicate that the gene could be delivered into tissues and organs in mice and chickens via the intragastric administration of the BmNPV vector [28]. Moreover, it was reported that H7 VLPs could produce hemagglutination inhibition antibody in chickens and mice following oral immunization [32]. In the present study, CTLT driven by the P10 promoter could be expressed in BmNPV-CMV/THB-P10/CTLT-infected silkworm BmN cells, but whether the specific immune response can be induced in mice and chickens via the intragastric administration of the BmNPV-CMV/ THB-P10/CTLT or oral immunization with the BmNPV-CMV/THB-P10/CTLT-infected silkworms lyophilized powder containing BmNPV-CMV/THB-P10/CTLT and recombinant CTLT, need further research.…”

“…The classical swine fever vaccine, Porcilis Pesti™ (Merck, www.merck.com ) expressed with BEVS was commercially approved in 2010. In addition, baculoviruses, including AcMNPV and BmNPV, have been used to express AVI antigens ([ 12 , 18 , 29 , 32 , 37 ]; Balraj [ 3 ]). The influenza vaccines, Provenge™ (Dendreon, www.dendreon.com ) and FluBlok™ (Protein Sciences Corporation, www.proteinsciences.com ), produced by baculovirus were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and 2013.…”

“…Moreover, a baculovirus expression vector system has been widely used for vaccine development due to the versatile features of baculoviruses, such as the large cloning capacity, post-translational modification in a eukaryotic system, replication-defect properties in mammalian cells, and broad tissue tropism [11]. It has also been reported that the HA1 protein of the H6 influenza virus and HA1 protein of the H5N1 AIV can be expressed in insect cells and Spodoptera litura larvae [18,29]; indeed, the avian H7 influenza virus haemagglutinin was expressed in the silkworm (B. mori) pupa [32]. Additionally, recombinant subunit vaccines targeting haemagglutinin have been developed using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS).…”

Current and New Approaches for Mucosal Vaccine Delivery

“…In the case of oral delivery, the greater surface area of NPs, owing to their small size, would allow increased absorption across the intestinal epithelium, which will furnish reduced dosage and administration volume [67]. Hydrophilic NPs are generally transported through enterocytes, whereas hydrophobic polymeric NPs are better transported through M cells [30,99,112,113]. Orally administered PLA NPs (200À250 nm) reached the Peyer's patches (PPs) through a three-step process.…”

Virus-Like Particles-Based Mucosal Nanovaccines

“…Another VLPs-based influenza vaccine candidate has been proposed by Nerome et al (2017), which was produced by expressing the H7 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) in silkworm pupae. Mice were orally immunized with HA VLPs in different schemes comprising two (with 1 month or 1-week interval) or three immunizations (with a 1-week interval).…”