Quantitative analysis of phenolics in selected crop species and biological activity of these compounds evaluated by sensitivity of Echinochloa crus-galli

Abstract

The Franciszek Górski In sti tute of Plant Phys i ol ogy, Pol ish Acad emy of Sci ences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Po land ** De part ment of Soil Man age ment and Plant Cul ti va tion, Ag ri cul tural Uni ver sity of Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Po land Cor re spon dence to: hura@ifr-pan.krakow.pl Key words: allelopathy, buck wheat, Echinochloa crus-galli, oat, phe no lic ac ids, rye, spring bar ley, white mus tard Ab stractThe pur pose of this study was to de ter mine the con tent of selected phe no lic com pounds in white mus tard, buck wheat, spring bar ley, oat and rye grown un der field con di tions. Moreover, the allelopathic ef fi ciency of these com pounds was evalu ated by sen si tiv ity of Echinochloa crus-galli. The ar o matic ac ids: trans-cinnamic, sal i cylic, ferulic, chlorogenic, p-hydroxy benzoic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric and vanillic were sep a rated from crop plants by TLC and de ter mined spec tropho to met ri cally.Dif fer ences in con cen tra tions of ana lysed com pounds were ob served for most of the ex am ined plant spe cies. The high est con cen tra tion was no ticed for cinnamic acid and ranged from 360 µg·g -1 DW in rye to 2770 µg·g -1 DW in spring bar ley. The rel a tively high con cen tra tion was no ticed for ferulic acid (from 73.8 µg·g -1 DW in buck wheat to 1046 µg·g -1 DW in spring barley) and p-coumaric acid (from 50 µg·g -1 DW in oat to 1499 µg·g -1 DW in buck wheat). The ob served dif fer ences in the phenolics con tent be tween two suc ces sive veg e ta tion sea sons can re flect the ef fect of abiotic and bi otic en vi ron men tal factors on the phenolics level in stud ied plants.In the green house ex per i ment the ef fect of par tic u lar compounds on the growth of Echinochloa crus-galli was also studied. It has been found that the ex am ined phenolics, and es pecially trans-cinnamic acid and mix ture of phe no lic compounds, sig nif i cantly in hibit the growth of Echinochloa crus-galli. The ob tained re sults may con trib ute to the ex pla nation of the bi o log i cal ac tiv ity of some phe no lic com pounds.List of ab bre vi a tions: TLC, thin -layer chro ma togra phy; AE, allelopathic ef fi ciency; x, x/2, x/4, concen tra tions of the phe no lic com pounds. In tro duc tionPlants pro duce many or ganic com pounds which play a sig nif i cant role in plant-plant in ter ac tions and are used as her bi cides. Re cently, a range of second ary me tab o lites have been in ten sively stud ied for allelochemical prop er ties. So far sev eral cat ego ries of allelochemicals in plants have been identi fied, namely, phe no lic ac ids, phenylpropanoids, hydroxamic ac ids, and short-chain fatty ac ids. Beside these, catechins, epicatechins, rutin and quercitin were rec og nized as com pounds highly contrib ut ing to in hib i tory ef fects in some plant spe cies 537

Bioassay-guided isolation of allelochemicals from Avena sativa L.: allelopathic potential of flavone C-glycosides

“…In conclusion, our results provide strong evidence of the allelopathic potential of oat biomass due to flavonoid compounds in accord with recent literature data reporting allelopathic activity for phenolic compounds in oats (Baghestani et al 1999;Chon and Kim 2004;Hura et al 2006). …”

Phenolic Compounds as Cultivar- and Variety-distinguishing Factors in Some Plant Products

“…Hura et al [40] reported that the content of phenolic compounds in buckwheat plants cultivated during two vegetation seasons may differ by a factor of 10. It should be especially stressed that the structures and properties of phenolics vary greatly, affecting extraction conditions and the analytical methods applied which, in turn, considerably affects the determined amounts [5, 6].…”

Combined mass spectrometric and chromatographic methods for in-depth analysis of phenolic secondary metabolites in barley leaves

“…[13] Allelopathic properties of barley plants have been connected with the synthesis of phenolic acids such as benzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, gentisic, syringic, vanillic, cinnamic, hydroxycinnamic and salicylic acids. [14] The inhibition of weeds growth by barley was also correlated with chlorogenic acids and free hydroxycinnamic acids such as m-, p-, o-coumaric, ferulic, caffeic, 5′-hydroxyferulic and sinapic acids. [15,16] Structural studies on the flavonoids in barley resulted in characteristics of flavanols, flavones and flavonols with diversified substituents.…”