Quantitative analysis of gai pattern in hemiparetic patients

Zverev, Yuriy; Adeloye, A; Chisi, J.

doi:10.4314/eamj.v79i8.8828

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Unlike the increase in the BOS commonly observed in human patients, there was no apparent difference in the BOS in either fore or hind paws detected between mice with CCI and sham surgery, although we can not predict if change in BOS only becomes apparent in animals with much more severe head injury. The variability in stride length or stride time has been reported in human TBI patients (Katz-Leurer et al 2008; Zverev et al 2002), particularly when the complexity of the gait task increased (Niechwiej-Szwedo et al 2007), suggesting that the ability to maintain a relationship between the center of mass and BOS was compromised after head injury. However, gait variability in mice with CCI injury did not differ from that in sham mice in our current study (data not shown), possibly due to the limited number of steps allowed in the current catwalk setup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing gait impairment following experimental traumatic brain injury in mice

Neumann

Wang

Kim

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Although gait disturbance is frequently documented among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), gait data from animal models of TBI are lacking. To determine the effect of TBI on gait function in adult mice, we assessed gait changes following unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) using a computer-assisted automated gait analysis system. Three days after CCI, intensity, area or width of paw contact were significantly decreased in forepaw(s) while the relative paw placement between the fore and hindpaws altered, suggesting that TBI affected sensorimotor status and reduced inter-limb coordination. Similar to TBI patients, CCI decreased gait velocity and stride length, and prolonged stance and swing phase in mice. Following CCI, step pattern was also changed with increasing use in the ipsilateral-diagonal limb sequence. Our results indicate that gait analysis provides great insight into both spatial and temporal aspects of limb function changes during overground locomotion in quadruped species with head injury that are valuable for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation. Our study also provides additional functional validation for the established mouse CCI model that is relevant to human head injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing gait impairment following experimental traumatic brain injury in mice

Neumann

Wang

Kim

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…The metabolic sensitivity to gait variability may also be higher in older adults for whom active balance requires greater attentional resources [24]. Hemiplegics also take considerably wider and more variable steps [6, 25] and expend more energy to walk than healthy controls at preferred speed [9]. Our results suggest that changes in step parameters associated with unsteady gait may explain some of the greater energetic cost of walking observed due to age or disability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…But even apparently steady gait has small step-by-step variations, which may in part be associated with noisy fluctuations in muscle force, imperfect sensorimotor control, and perturbations from the environment [1]. These variations have also been observed to increase with some gait deficits as well as with age [2-6]. Step variability might also contribute to energy expenditure, for example due to the effort expended to make feedback corrections to reduce these variations and maintain stability, or simply because the nominal gait is energetically economical and deviations from it are more costly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic cost of walking with increased step variability

O’Connor¹,

Xu²,

Kuo³

2012

Gait & Posture

127

122

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Step-by-step variations occur during normal human walking, induced in part by imperfect sensorimotor control and naturally occurring random perturbations. These effects might increase energy expenditure during walking, because they differ from the nominal preferred gait, which is typically the most economical, and because of the cost of making active feedback adjustments to maintain gait stability. We tested this hypothesis by artificially inducing greater step variability through visual perturbations from a virtual reality display, and measuring the effect on energy expenditure. Young healthy adult subjects (N = 11) walked on a treadmill while viewing a virtual hallway, to which virtual perturbations were applied in fore-aft or medio-lateral directions. The greatest effect on gait was achieved with medio-lateral visual perturbations, which resulted in a 65% increase in step width variability and a 5.9% increase (both P < 0.05) in net metabolic rate compared to walking without perturbations. Perturbations generally induced greater variability in both step width and (to a lesser degree) step length, and also induced slightly wider and (to a lesser degree) shorter mean steps. Each of these measures was found to correlate significantly with each other, regardless of perturbation direction and magnitude. They also correlated with metabolic rate (P < 0.05 for each separate measure), despite explaining only a modest proportion of overall energetic variations (R2 < 0.40). Step variability increases with some gait disorders and with increasing age. Our results suggest that imperfect sensorimotor control may contribute to the increased metabolic cost of walking observed with such conditions.

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“…Temporal (e.g., stride time) and spatial (e.g., stride length) parameters are used to examine variation in human gait. Gait stability has been assessed efficiently using the variability measure not only in elderly subjects (Gabell and Nayak 1984;Stolze et al 2000), but also in physically disabled post-stroke patients (Zverev et al 2002) and patients with Parkinson's disease (Vieregge et al 1997). In fact, Gabell and Nayak (1984) reported that in both older and younger groups, the gait-patterning mechanism (step length and stride time) is more consistent than the balance-control mechanism (step width and double-support time) and that increased variability in gait is not necessarily a normal concomitant of old age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%