Quantitative analysis of Fe, Mn and Cd from sea ice and seawater in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean

Evans, La Kenya; Nishioka, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.polar.2018.07.002

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Acidified TdFe and dFe samples in the glacial meltwater were directly analyzed with a graphite furnace and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS) (Z‐2700, Hitachi High Technologies). For the seawater samples, acidified TdFe and dFe were first preconcentrated with a manual solid‐phase extraction system equipped with a column of Nobias Chelate‐PA1 resin (Hitachi High Technologies), modified after Sohrin et al (2008) and Evans and Nishioka (2018). Only ultrapure grade reagents (Optima Acids, Thermo Fisher Scientific or Tamapure AA‐10, Tama Chemicals) were used for the preconcentration and extraction steps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Supply by Subglacial Discharge Into a Fjord Near the Front of a Marine‐Terminating Glacier in Northwestern Greenland

Kanna

Sugiyama

Fukamachi

et al. 2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Glacial fjords in Greenland show high productivity owing to the runoff of meltwater from the glaciers. Macronutrient dynamics (of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) associated with subglacial discharge plumes in front of marine-terminating glaciers are widely cited as important drivers of summer phytoplankton blooms in the fjords. However, the dynamics of iron (Fe), an essential micronutrient for primary production, remain largely unstudied in glacial fjords. To investigate the role of subglacial discharge plumes in Fe supply processes in glacial fjords, a comprehensive survey of Bowdoin Fjord, adjacent to the marine-terminating Bowdoin Glacier in northwestern Greenland, was conducted. The subglacial discharge of Fe-rich meltwater induces a buoyancy-driven upwelling plume in front of the glacier that entrains nutrient-rich Arctic-and Atlantic-origin waters. The plume water potentially carried 4.5-8.7 × 10 7 g day −1 of total dissolvable Fe out of Bowdoin Fjord in summer. The concentration of dissolved Fe (dFe) in the plume water (~15.6 nmol kg −1) was 4 times higher than that in the water in the outer part of the fjord (~3.8 nmol kg −1). The dFe:nitrate + nitrite ratio (mmol mol −1) in the plume water varied between 0.58 and 3.2, several orders of magnitude higher than the phytoplankton cellular Fe:nitrate ratio estimated using the hypothetical Fe:C ratio and observed particulate organic carbon:nitrate ratio of the fjord. Hence, the plume water is replete with Fe with respect to phytoplankton demands. Subglacial discharge drives the upwelling of Fe and macronutrients toward the euphotic zone, which is vital for the generation of summer phytoplankton growth in glacial fjords.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Supply by Subglacial Discharge Into a Fjord Near the Front of a Marine‐Terminating Glacier in Northwestern Greenland

Kanna

Sugiyama

Fukamachi

et al. 2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…Chemicals used during the pre-concentration process held a chemical grade of reagent, pure or ultrapure and were prepared with Milli-Q water. The NOBIAS Chelate PA-1 chelating resin has a high affinity for trace metals and the ability to separate alkali-and alkaline-earth metals from sea ice and seawater (Evans and Nishioka, 2018;Minami et al, 2015;Sohrin and Bruland, 2011). The cleaning, setup and methods for the NOBIAS pre-concentration are detailed in Evans and Nishioka (2018).…”

Section: Nobias Pre-concentration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NOBIAS Chelate PA-1 chelating resin has a high affinity for trace metals and the ability to separate alkali-and alkaline-earth metals from sea ice and seawater (Evans and Nishioka, 2018;Minami et al, 2015;Sohrin and Bruland, 2011). The cleaning, setup and methods for the NOBIAS pre-concentration are detailed in Evans and Nishioka (2018). Briefly, a 3.36 M acetic acid-ammonium acetate (HAcO-NH4AcO) buffer was made from glacial acetic acid (Optima, Fisher Chemical), 20% NH4OH (ultrapure, Tamapure-AA-10) and Milli-Q water.…”

Section: Nobias Pre-concentration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aguilar-Islas et al (2008) found that melting sea ice in the outer Bering Sea shelf provided additional DFe to ice-edge phytoplankton that may have increased their biomass and utilization of available nitrate. A study done by Evans and Nishioka (2018) observed drift sea ice from the Chukchi Sea was dominated by the labile particulate (LP = difference between the total dissolvable; TD, unfiltered sample; and dissolved; D, <0.22 µm filtered sample) fraction of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd) when compared to Chukchi surface seawater. It is possible that the consistent flushing of seawater, or brine drainage released the available dissolved metals in the drift sea ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron shows more of a scavenging-type distribution and can also display nutrient-type behavior (Bruland et al, 1994;Bruland and Lohan, 2006). Comparisons of Fe and Mn yield different reduction potentials (Landing and Bruland, 1987;Saager et al, 1989) which may influence the concentrations of their size fractions (Evans and Nishioka, 2018). Relating the concentrations of trace metals that display different actions in sea ice structure, from an Arctic core sample, may aid in revealing mechanisms behind trace metal accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation processes of trace metals into Arctic sea ice: distribution of Fe, Mn and Cd associated with ice structure

Evans

Nishioka

2019

Marine Chemistry

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Biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in sea ice is important to the productivity of the Arctic Ocean. Unfortunately, the processes by which trace metals accumulate into sea ice are poorly understood. To gain a clearer understanding of the mechanisms behind trace metal accumulation, dissolved (D, <0.2 µm), and labile particulate (LP = Total Dissolvable -Dissolved) iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations were compared to the structure observed in sea ice. Samples were pre-concentrated via solid-phase extraction on NOBIAS 2 Chelate PA-1 resin and analyzed on a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Using photographic analysis for the percentage of pore microstructure and δ 18 O analysis, sea ice structure was determined to be snow ice, granular ice (frazil ice), mixed ice (granular and columnar ice) and columnar ice. Salinity and nutrients were low, indicating brine drainage and multi-year ice. High trace metal concentrations in snow ice indicated meteoric snow was a source of trace metals to sea ice. High concentrations of LPFe in granular ice indicated entrainment of suspended particulate trace metals by frazil ice during the formation of the granular ice structure. Whereas the high concentrations of DFe and DMn in granular ice may have been due to reduction from LPFe and LPMn after particle entrainment, indicating chemical transformation processes. Low dissolved and labile particulate trace metal concentrations in mixed and columnar ice indicated a release due to brine drainage. Our study clearly indicates that the differences observed in trace metals among sea ice structures, showed that sea ice formation, chemical reduction and brine release were the processes driving trace metal accumulation and release in the Arctic sea ice.

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Sediments in sea ice drive the Canada Basin surface Mn maximum: insights from an Arctic Mn ocean model

Rogalla

Allen

Colombo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Quantitative analysis of Fe, Mn and Cd from sea ice and seawater in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Iron Supply by Subglacial Discharge Into a Fjord Near the Front of a Marine‐Terminating Glacier in Northwestern Greenland

Iron Supply by Subglacial Discharge Into a Fjord Near the Front of a Marine‐Terminating Glacier in Northwestern Greenland

Accumulation processes of trace metals into Arctic sea ice: distribution of Fe, Mn and Cd associated with ice structure

Sediments in sea ice drive the Canada Basin surface Mn maximum: insights from an Arctic Mn ocean model

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