Quantitative analysis of drugs in hair by UHPLC high resolution mass spectrometry

Kronstrand, Robert; Forsman, Malin; Roman, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.001

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Interest is currently focused on the quantification of drugs in PM materials other than blood, including bile, brain, liver, muscle, and vitreous humor . However, while these alternative materials show promising results with individual drugs or in specific circumstances, femoral venous blood still represents the most viable material for interpretative purposes in PM toxicology, with a more extensive range of reference concentrations published in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary statistics for drug concentrations in post‐mortem femoral blood representing all causes of death

Ketola

Ojanperä

2019

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Concentration distributions for 183 drugs and metabolites frequently found in post‐mortem (PM) femoral venous blood were statistically characterized based on an extensive database of 122 234 autopsy cases investigated during an 18‐year period in a centralized laboratory. The cases represented all causes of death, with fatal drug poisonings accounting for 8%. The proportion of males was 74% with a median age of 58 years compared with 26% females with a median age of 64 years. In 36% of these cases, blood alcohol concentration was higher than or equal to 0.2‰, the median being 1.6‰. The mean, median, and upper percentile (90th, 95th, 97.5th) drug concentrations were established, as the median PM concentrations give an idea of the “normal” PM concentration level, and the upper percentile concentrations indicate possible overdose levels. A correspondence was found between subsets of the present and the previously published PM drug concentrations from another laboratory that grouped cases according to the cause of death. Our results add to the knowledge for evidence‐based interpretation of drug‐related deaths.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary statistics for drug concentrations in post‐mortem femoral blood representing all causes of death

Ketola

Ojanperä

2019

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Zolpidem has been determined in several biological matrices (oral fluid, hair, plasma, nails, serum, urine and blood) and by several methods: capillary electrophoresis (Hempel & Blaschke, 1996), radioimmunoassay (de Clerck & Daenens, 1997), reversed-phase chromatography with fluorescence (Ptacek, Macek, & Klima, 1997), gas chromatography (Gaillard, Gay-Montchamp, & Ollagnier, 1993;Stanke, Jourdil, Lauby, & Bessard, 1996), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), HPLC with fluorimetric or UV detection (Ascalone, Flaminio, Guinebault, Thenot, & Morselli, 1992;Debailleul, Khalil, & Lheureux, 1991;Durol & Greenblatt, 1997;Guinebault, Dubruc, Hermann, & Thenot, 1986;Nirogi, Kandikere, Shrivasthava, & Mudigonda, 2006;Tracqui, Kintz, & Mangin, 1993), GC/MS (Keller, Schneider, & Tutsch-Bauer, 1999;Lichtenwalner & Tully, 1997;Wang, Sun, & Lau, 1999), LC/MS (Giroud, Augsburger, Menetrey, & Mangin, 2003), LC/MS/MS (Byeon et al, 2015;Jang et al, 2013;Jeong et al, 2015;Miyaguchi, 2013;Moretti et al, 2018), UHPLC/MS/MS (Eliassen & Kristoffersen, 2014;Marin, Roberts, Wood, & McMillin, 2012), UHPLC-Q-TOF-LC/MS (Kronstrand et al, 2018) and UPLC-MS-MS (Reddy, Bapuji, Rao, Himabindu, & Ravinder, 2012). The HPLC or UPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in plasma has an LOQ of 0.1-1.8 ng/ml, RT 0.7-1.76 min, run time 2.5-4.5 min, liquid-liquid extraction, 100 μl of plasma (Byeon et al, 2015;Marin et al, 2012;Reddy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative bioavailability of two zolpidem hemitartrate formulations in healthy human Brazilian volunteers using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

Mendes

Pereira

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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To assess the bioequivalence of two zolpidem hemitartrate formulations in 30 healthy volunteers. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24 h period. Plasma concentrations of zolpidem were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring. Values of peak concentration (Cmax), area under curve (AUC), half‐life, elimination constant, volume of distribution and clearance showed statistically significant differences when comparing women (604.34 ng h/ml, 127.36 ng/ml, 4.4 h, 0.18 1/h, 50.56 L and 8.55 L/h, respectively) and men (276.1 ng h/ml, 70.9 ng/ml, 3.3 h, 0.26 1/h, 91.42 L and 24.34 L/h, respectively), receiving the same dose (5 mg), respectively. The geometric means with corresponding 90% confidence interval for Test/Reference percentage ratios were 99.73% (CI 93.69–106.16) for Cmax, 97.44% (90% CI = 91.85–103.37%) for area under curve of plasma concentration until the last concentration observed (AUClast) and 98.30% (90% CI = 92.48–104.49) for the area under curve between the first sample (pre‐dosage) and infinity (AUC0–inf). Since the 90% CI for AUClast, AUC0–inf and Cmax ratios were within the 80–125% interval proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration, it was concluded that zolpidem hemitartrate formulation (5 mg orodispersible tablet) is bioequivalent to the zolpidem hemitartrate formulation (Patz SL 5 mg sublingual tablet) with regard to both the rate and the extent of absorption. A new formulation of zolpidem 2.5 mg may be useful in women for the same clinical benefits as the 5 mg formulation in men.

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“…We searched the literature and could not find a basis for reported levels of acceptability of NIST standards on various instruments. While most ranges fell within 80–120%, the most stringent range reported was 85–105% (We also noted that 80–120% is used for acceptability of ion ratios for compound identification in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differentiation of Commercially Available Kratom by Purported Country of Origin using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry,

Braley

Hondrogiannis

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Kratom is a plant material exhibiting both analgesic and stimulant effects and is also forensically relevant since it is abused as a “legal high.” It is regulated in several countries but not scheduled in the United States at the federal level. This study used inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) to measure the concentrations of 13 elements in 19 kratom samples obtained from an online distributor selling kratom, from Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, for the purpose of using the elements to discriminate among purported country of origin, “suborigin,” and strain. Analysis of variance revealed statistical differences in concentrations of elements from each group, while discriminant function analysis (using leave‐one‐out classification) successfully classified kratom samples by their purported country of origin (100%), “suborigin,” (100%), and strain (86%). Our method illustrates the possibility of utilizing ICP–MS for determination of commercially available kratom samples by purported origin, “subororign,” or by product line.

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Quantitative analysis of drugs in hair by UHPLC high resolution mass spectrometry

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Summary statistics for drug concentrations in post‐mortem femoral blood representing all causes of death

Summary statistics for drug concentrations in post‐mortem femoral blood representing all causes of death

Comparative bioavailability of two zolpidem hemitartrate formulations in healthy human Brazilian volunteers using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

Differentiation of Commercially Available Kratom by Purported Country of Origin using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry,

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